LIBRARY 

OF  THE 

UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

Class  SS4-S 


'  '  '**>• 


of 


FRANCIS   HOPKINSON   SMITH 


The    Representative 

Authors  of  Maryland 


From  the  Earliest  Time  to  the  Present  Day  With 

Biographical  Notes  and  Comments 

Upon  Their  Work. 


BY 

HENRY   E.    SHEPHERD,    M.A.,  LL.D., 

Formerly  Superintendent  of  Instruction,  Baltimore,  Md.,  and  President  of 

the  College  of  Charleston,  S.  C.      Author  of      "  History  of  the 

English  Language,"     "Life  of  Robert  E.  Lee," 

"Commentary  upon  Tennyson's  'In 

Memoriam,'  "  etc.,  etc. 


NEW  YORK 
WHITEHALL   PUBLISHING   COMPANY 

MCMXI 


COPYRIGHT  1911  BY 
WHITEHALL    PUBLISHING   COMPANY 


To 
THE  PEOPLE   OF   MARYLAND 

This  work,  designed  to  portray  and   perpetuate 

their   intellectual    and    spiritual    ideals, 

as  illustrated  in  their  literature 

from  the  earliest  time  to 

the   present  day 

IS   DEDICATED 

with  the  loyal  regard  and  earnest  good  wishes  of 
THE  AUTHOR 


222668 


PREFACE 

This  volume  was  prepared  as  the  result  of  a  move 
ment  begun  on  Maryland  Day,  March  25,  1909.  The 
State  Board  of  Education  had  assigned  as  a  special 
topic  for  the  day,  "Maryland's  Contribution  to 
American  Literature."  To  consider  this  subject,  a 
meeting  was  held  at  the  Johns  Hopkins  University, 
at  which  a  committee  was  appointed  to  formulate 
plans  for  promoting  a  more  general  knowledge  and 
appreciation  of  Maryland  history  and  literature.  It 
was  here  that  the  author  of  this  volume  conceived  the 
idea  of  preparing  a  critical  and  descriptive  account 
of  the  representative  literary  workers  of  the  State  of 
Maryland  from  its  settlement  to  the  present  time. 

Later,  this  special  committee  became  merged,  for 
similar  effort,  in  the  Randall  Literary-Memorial 
Association,  which  aims  to  cherish  the  memory  of 
James  Ryder  Randall,  the  author  of  the  State  anthem 
and,  therefore,  the  most  distinctive  Maryland  writer; 
and  to  associate  with  his  name  a  "disinterested  en 
deavor  to  learn  and  propagate  the  best  that  is  known 
and  thought  in  Maryland." 

The  committee  commends  this  work  of  Dr.  Shep 
herd  to  the  public  as  a  valuable  presentation  of  the 


literary  productiveness  of  the  State,  a  fair  propor 
tion  of  which  has  won  an  abiding  place  in  the  com 
prehensive  field  of  English  literature;  while  much 
more  that  is  worthy  of  remembrance  has  been  neg 
lected,  or  even  forgotten.  It  is  believed  that  this  vol 
ume  will  serve  the  better  to  unite  the  present  with  the 
past  through  the  record  of  its  writers,  and  to  stimu 
late  the  best  endeavors  of  the  literary  workers  of 
the  future. 

ALLEN  S.  WILL, 
RIDGELY  B.  WARFIELD, 
MATTHEW  PAGE  ANDREWS. 


INTRODUCTION 

It  is  the  object  of  this  book  to  present  an  outline 
of  the  literature  of  Maryland  from  the  earliest  time 
to  the  period  of  which  we  form  a  part,  as  it  is  illus 
trated  in  the  characteristic  works  of  her  representa 
tive  authors  in  prose  and  in  poetry.  Treatises  upon 
law,  physical  science  and  medicine,  as  well  as  school 
or  text  books  of  whatever  description,  are  not  in 
cluded  as  none  of  these  classes  falls  within  an  accu 
rate  definition  or  conception  of  representative  litera 
ture. 

The  chronological  order  of  arrangement  has  been 
adhered  to  both  on  account  of  its  simplicity  and  con 
venience,  and  for  the  stronger  reason  that  it  exhibits 
the  continuous  evolution  of  the  intellectual  life  of  the 
state  from  the  time  of  Father  White  to  the  advent 
of  Poe,  Kennedy,  Miles,  Palmer,  Lanier,  Randall  and 
those  who  still  abide  with  us.  It  is  the  specific  aim 
of  the  work  to  afford  a  just  and  discriminating  view 
of  representative  authors.  A  cyclopedia  or  diction 
ary  of  literature  is  not  contemplated,  but  rather  an 
estimate  and  appreciation  of  those  writers  who  by 
charm  of  style,  purity  of  ideals,  loftiness  and  range 
of  subjects,  interpretative  faculty  and  power  of  il 
lumination  have  glorified  the  vocation  of  literature 
and  made  it  honorable. 

In  the  preparation  of  this  book  the  principle  of 
liberality  in  the  admission  of  authors  has  been  ap 
plied  to  the  utmost  limit  consistent  with  the  dignity 
of  the  subject  and  the  truly  representative  character 
which  it  aspires  to  maintain. 


CONTENTS. 

PAGE 

Preface    7 

Introduction     9 

CHAPTER    I 

Literature  in  England,  1632-1634,  and  Early  Writers  of 
Maryland  17 

CHAPTER   II 

Literary  Development  in  Maryland  During  the  First 
Half  of  the  Nineteenth  Century 27 

CHAPTER   III 
The  Development  of  an  American  Literature;  Its  Growth 

in   Maryland    37 

CHAPTER   IV 

Literature  in  Maryland  from  the  Middle  of  the  Nineteenth 
Century  to  the  Period  Succeeding  the  War  Between 
the  States  49 

CHAPTER    V 

Special  Writers  of  Note  in  Maryland  During  the 
Middle  of  the  Nineteenth  Century 65 

CHAPTER   VI 

Representative  Maryland  Authors  of  the  Close  of  the 
Nineteenth  Century  91 

CHAPTER  VII 

Women  Writers  of  Maryland  During  the  Last  Half  of 
the  Nineteenth  Century  and  the  First  Decade  of  the 
Twentieth  113 

CHAPTER  VIII 
Maryland  Authors  of  the  Latter  Part  of  the  Nineteenth 

and  the  First  Part  of  the  Twentieth  Century 139 

Supplementary  List  of   Maryland  Authors 207 

Index     227 


PAGE. 

FRANCIS  HOPKINSON  SMITH Frontispiece 

EDGAR  ALLAN   POE 36 

SIDNEY   LANIER 64 

JAMES   RYDER   RANDALL 112 


LITERATURE    IN    ENGLAND,    1632-1634,    AND    EARLY 
WRITERS  OF  MARYLAND. 


CHAPTER  I. 

LITERATURE    IN    ENGLAND,    1632-1634,    AND    EARLY 
WRITERS  OF  MARYLAND. 

When  the  colonists  under  the  direction  of  Leonard 
Calvert  established  themselves  at  St.  Mary's  in  March, 
1634,  the  literary  development  of  the  mother  country 
was  still  proceeding  along  the  great  distinctive  lines 
that  had  'been  marked  out  during  the  times  of  Eliza 
beth  and  James  I.  Shakespeare  had  been  dead  for 
eighteen  years  and  the  second  folio  edition  of  his  plays 
appeared  in  1632,  not  far  from  the  date  at  which  the 
charter  of  Maryland,  with  its  almost  unqualified 
sovereignty,  was  bestowed  upon  the  family  of  the 
Calverts.  In  1634  John  Milton  was  in  his  youth. 
L' Allegro  and  //  Penseroso  first  saw  the  light  in  1632, 
while  the  matchless  Masque  of  Comus  was  produced 
at  Ludlow  Castle  in  September,  1634,  just  six  months 
after  the  landing  at  St.  Clement's. 

Maryland  was  settled  during  the  long  interval  that 
was  contemporary  with  the  suspension  of  parliamen 
tary  government  in  England,  1628-1640.  The  com 
plex  forces  of  absolutism  in  Church  as  in  State  were 
gravitating  toward  the  supreme  crisis  of  1642. 
Lycidas  was  issued  in  1638.  Its  value  and  significance 
as  an  historical  revelation  do  not  suffer  by  comparison 
with  the  riches  of  its  classic  graces  or  the  charm  of  its 


i8  AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND 

rhythm  and,  above  all,  its  trumpet  toned  notes,  the  pre 
lude  and  harbinger  of  the  fast  coming  conflict.  Under 
the  order  which  prevailed  in  1632-34  the  royalist  or 
cavalier  poets  enjoyed  an  almost  untempered  ascend 
ency.  Milton  was  like  a  star  and  dwelt  apart.  His 
rising  came  with  the  Long  Parliament  and  the  Crom- 
wellian  supremacy.  The  time  under  consideration 
was  the  golden  day  of  the  cavalier  bards,  Herrick, 
Suckling,  Carew,  Crashaw,  Lovelace  and  Waller. 

There  is  no  reason  to  doubt  that  some  of  the  colon 
ists  of  1634  were  men  who  had  been  trained  in  accord 
ance  with  the  purest  scholastic  standards  which  pre 
vailed  during  the  seventeenth  century.  Sir  George 
Calvert  was  educated  at  Trinity  College,  Oxford,  and 
his  cultured  tastes  and  sympathies  may  be  traced  in 
the  documents,  official  and  personal,  that  issued  from 
his  pen.  There  is  at  least  a  strong  possibility  that 
contemporary  editions  of  the  foremost  English  classics, 
in  poetry  and  in  prose,  found  their  way  to  Maryland 
with  the  earliest  colonists  or  at  times  not  long  subse 
quent  to  1634. 

That  the  colonial  settlers  in  Maryland,  Virginia  and 
the  Carolinas  were  not  devoid  of  intellectual  symp 
athies  and  literary  appreciation  is  attested  by  more 
than  one  infallible  proof.  Notable  in  the  roll  of  wit 
nesses  may  be  named  the  Journal  of  a  Young  Lady  of 
Virginia,  1782,  edited  by  Miss  Emily  Mason  in  1871. 
The  book  in  question  was  carried  from  Virginia  into 
Maryland  by  the  young  girl  for  whose  entertainment  it 
had  been  writen  upon  the  occasion  of  her  marriage  into 


AUTHORS  OF.  MARYLAND  19 

one  of  the  historic  families  of  the  State.  The  youth 
ful  Virginian  moved  in  the  circles  adorned  by  the 
Washingtons  and  Lees  during  the  closing  decades  of 
the  eighteenth  century.  This  sprightly  and  vivacious 
journalist  has  not  her  eye  fixed  upon  posterity  and 
stands  not  in  awe  of  the  indolent  and  irresponsible  re 
viewer.  Amid  her  gushing  girlish  glee  and  with  a 
spontaneity  as  exuberant  as  that  of  Shakespeare's  lark 
when  he  sang  at  the  gate  of  Heaven,  there  "runs 
through  all  this  fleshly  dress"  a  finely  touched  spirit  of 
literary  discernment,  current  authors,  the  recent  ro 
mances,  the  latest  novels  Evelina  and  Cecilia,  with  an 
occasional  reversion  to  the  earlier  day,  a  eulogy  upon 
Pope  and  a  panegyric  upon  Farquhar.  It  is  significant 
that  the  purest  types  at  that  time  developed  in  English 
literature  are  passed  under  review  by  a  girl  of  the 
colonial-revolutionary  era,  then  in  her  teens,  and  that 
every  comment  reveals,  if  not  critical  or  elaborate  at 
tainment,  at  least  genuine  enthusiasm  and  appreciation. 
The  history  of  literature  in  Maryland  must  have  a 
specific  and  definite  beginning  in  individual  authors 
whose  lives  and  labors  are  in  some  form  associated 
with  the  origin  and  early  development  of  the  colony. 
The  influences  that  stimulated  to  literary  activity  in  all 
the  original  states  received  their  origin  and  inspiration 
from  ancestral  sources,  from  the  culture,  standards 
and  ideals  of  the  mother  country.  The  entire  colonial 
period  was  a  time  of  struggle  against  the  fierceness  of 
untamed  physical  nature,  the  forest  and  the  savage,  of 
political  unrest  and  crude  experiment. 


.20  AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND 

In  the  strict  acceptation  of  logic  and  of  language 
there  did  not  exist  an  American  or  a  Maryland  liter 
ature  until  the  close  of  the  Revolution  and  the  coming 
of  the  new  order  which  assured  the  autonomy  of  the 
colonies  and  heralded  the  advent  of  a  national  life. 
Still  there  were  writers,  theological,  political,  contro 
versial,  sometimes  explorers  and  geographers  like 
Hakluyt,  Father  White,  or  men  of  purely  scientific 
temperament  like  Hariot,  the  friend  of  Sir  Walter 
Raleigh  in  his  endeavors  to  found  an  English  nation 
upon  the  coast  of  North  Carolina.  To  the  student  of 
Maryland  history  the  name  of  Father  White  is  espe 
cially  rich  in  interest  and  he  may  be  described,  with 
out  the  suspicion  of  exaggeration,  as  the  patriarch  of 
literature  in  the  colony  planted  by  the  Calverts. 

Rev.  Andrew  White  was  a  native  of  London  (born 
1579,  died  1656).  At  an  early  age  he  entered  the 
Society  of  Jesus  or  Order  of  Jesuits.  Nature  seems 
to  have  endowed  him  with  a  genius  for  exploration 
and  discovery  as  well  as  the  zeal  for  the  conversion  of 
savage  races  that  was  revealed  in  the  life  and  labors 
of  St.  Francis  Xavier.  When  he  came  to  Maryland 
with  the  colony  under  the  direction  of  Leonard  Calvert 
he  was  already  moving  toward  his  sixtieth  year. 
During  his  residence  in  the  newly  settled  land  he  de 
voted  himself  to  the  conversion  of  the  Indians  and 
with  the  true  spirit  of  the  missionary  of  the  Cross 
applied  his  energies  to  the  acquisition  of  their  crude 
and  bewildering  speech,  preparing  a  grammar  and 
vocabulary  of  the  Timuquana  dialect.  From  the 


AUTHORS  OF,  MARYLAND  21 

secular  administration  of  the  colony  he  held  himself 
aloof.  In  1644,  during  the  Claiborne  complications, 
he  was  imprisoned  and  sent  to  London  in  irons. 

The  claim  of  Father  White  to  the  distinction  of 
literary  patriarch  of  Maryland  rests  upon  his  Relatio 
Itineris  in  Marylandiam;  Declaratio  Coloniae  Domini 
Baronis  de  Baltimore  and  Excerpta  ex  Diver  sis  Lit- 
teris  Missionarium  ab  Anno  1635  ad  Annum  1638. 
These  have  been  reproduced  in  English  under  the  aus 
pices  of  the  Maryland  Historical  Society  in  two  trans 
lations,  one  the  work  of  N.  E.  Brooks,  LL.D.,  1846, 
the  other  executed  by  Rev.  E.  A.  Dalyrymple,  D.  D., 
1874  (or  by  a  capable  and  discriminating  scholar  under 
his  supervision). 

Father  White's  Relatio  assumes  rightful  rank  as  one 
of  the  treasures  of  our  colonial  literature.  The  reader 
who  follows  it  with  minute  regard  to  its  essential 
characteristics  will  at  times  recall  the  description  of 
primitive  Germany  given  by  Julius  Caesar  and  the  ac 
count  of  his  South  American  explorations  which  that 
lord  of  Elizabethan  style,  Sir  Walter  Raleigh,  has  left 
upon  record  in  his  work  upon  Guiana.  The  same 
clearness  of  vision,  accuracy  of  perception  and  mastery 
of  detail  are  exhibited  in  the  narratives  of  each  of  these 
explorers,  one  the  foremost  creative  intellect  of  the 
Roman  world,  the  other  a  contemporary  of  Shakes 
peare  and  Bacon,  the  third  a  Jesuit  Father  who  accom 
panied  Leonard  Calvert  to  Maryland  in  1634,  and  with 
whom  the  roll  of  representative  authors  associated 
with  the  State  finds  a  definite  and  assured  beginning. 


22  AUTHORS  OF.  MARYLAND 

The  literary  development  of  Maryland  during  the 
seventeenth  or  first  century  of  her  history  does  not 
draw  to  a  close  with  the  brilliant  and  isolated  example 
of  Father  White.  The  dissensions  and  controversies 
of  the  age,  whether  in  the  ecclesiastical  or  political 
sphere,  in  Church  or  in  State,  were  a  provocation  or  a 
stimulus  to  literary  activity.  Slanders  and  libels  in 
reference  to  the  character  of  more  than  one  of  the  colo 
nies  were  at  times  disseminated  in  the  mother  country 
and  these  assaults  upon  their  good  name  in  some  in 
stances  elicited  forceful  and  effective  rejoinders,  whose 
intrinsic  excellence  accords  them  recognition  in  the 
chronicle  of  State  literature.  Notable  as  an  illustra 
tion  is  the  work  of  John  Hammond,  whose  volume, 
entitled  Leah  and  Rachael  was  published  in  1656. 

Hammond  had  settled  in  America  as  early  as  1635 
and  after  a  somewhat  prolonged  residence  in  Virginia 
he  cast  his  lot  with  the  Maryland  colonists.  When  he 
had  made  his  home  among  them  for  twenty-one  years 
he  felt  impelled  to  write  a  book  vindicating  the  good 
name  of  the  State  and  denying  the  falsehoods  "that  had 
blinded  and  kept  off  many  from  going  thither,  whose 
miseries  and  misfortunes  by  staying  in  England  are 
much  to  be  pitied."  The  work,  as  its  title  implies  and 
its  subject  matter  sets  forth,  is  designed  to  allegorize 
or  symbolize  the  ancient  amity  or  friendship  that  pre 
vailed  between  Maryland  and  Virginia.  The  "book1' 
is  reproduced  in  the  Peter  Force  Historical  Tracts 
and  is  rich  in  interest  from  every  point  of  view,  ling 
uistic,  literary  and  historical.  He  who  wishes  to 


AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND  23 

realize  the  inner  life  of  Maryland  during  the  middle  of 
the  seventeenth  century  will  find  it  no  unprofitable  task 
to  devote  time  to  its  perusal. 

Hammond,  however,  does  not  exhaust  the  record  of 
literary  worthies  associated  with  the  colony  during  the 
first  century  of  its  vigorous  and  expanding  growth. 

George  Alsop  (born  1638)  made  his  home  in  the 
colonies  in  his  early  days.  He  is  the  author  of  Charac 
ter  of  the  Province  of  Maryland  and  Colonial  Prose 
and  Poetry. 

Rev.  Thomas  Bray  (born  in  England,  1656 — died 
1730)  is  a  characteristic  and  notable  figure  of  the 
colonial  age,  in  North  Carolina,  as  well  as  in  Maryland. 
He  devoted  himself  to  establishing  the  Anglican 
Church  in  the  colonies  and  was  the  earliest  advocate  of 
a  public  library  in  Maryland,  To  his  energy  and  en 
thusiasm  may  be  attributed  the  foundation  of  parochial 
libraries  at  leading  points  in  this  State  as  well  as  in 
other  colonies. 

Alexander  Hamilton  (born  1712 — died  1756)  by 
birth  a  Scotchman,  by  profession  a  physician,  edited  the 
Maryland  Gazette.  Hamilton  was  also  the  author  of 
An  Itinerariitm  or  Account  of  a  Journey  Through  the 
Middle  and  Northern  Colonies  in  1744. 

The  period  preceding  the  War  of  the  Revolution, 
with  the  complex  political  issues  that  it  involved,  is  no 
longer  unrevealed.  It  stands  before  the  eyes  of  the 


24  AUTHORS  OF,  MARYLAND 

colonists  in  clear  and  even  fierce  light.  Literary  pro 
ductivity,  in  so  far  as  it  is  not  extinct,  must  be  largely 
colored  by  the  atmosphere  of  prevailing  controversy 
and  the  struggle  for  supremacy  on  the  part  of  the  new 
incoming  order  to  which  the  old  was  soon  to  yield 
place.  Notably  is  this  characteristic  tendency  illus 
trated  in  the  polemics  of  Charles  Carroll  of  Carrollton 
and  the  elder  Dulaney.  With  Yorktown  political 
autonomy,  and  the  development  of  a  national  spirit, 
the  way  is  leading  not  only  to  the  development  of  a 
Maryland  literature,  distinctive  and  differentiated,  'but 
to  a  type  that  may  be  justly  described  as  American. 

In  so  far  as  the  new  era  is  related  to  Maryland  Jt 
will  herald  the  event  of  Poe,  weird,  but  resistless, 
and  the  rise  of  our  most  representative  master  of  prose 
fiction,  John  P.  Kennedy,  who  was  born  during  the 
last  decade  of  the  eighteenth  century,  in  1795. 


n 

LITERARY     DEVELOPMENT     IN     MARYLAND     DURING 

THE  FIRST  HALF  OF  THE  NINETEENTH 

CENTURY. 


CHAPTER  II 

LITERARY     DEVELOPMENT     IN     MARYLAND     DURING 

THE  FIRST  HALF  OF  THE  NINETEENTH 

CENTURY. 

It  should  be  borne  in  mind  that  the  present  work 
is  not  a  dictionary  or  cyclopedia  of  the  literature  of 
Maryland  but  an  endeavor  to  present  an  outline  of 
her  intellectual  life  and  development  as  they  are  re 
vealed  in  the  characteristic  productions  of  her  repre 
sentative  authors  in  prose  and  poetry. 

Much  that  is  best  and  most  abiding  in  the  literature 
of  Maryland  falls  within  the  period  extending  from 
the  beginning  of  the  nineteenth  century  to  the  coming 
of  the  great  national  conflict,  that  is,  from  1800  to  1861. 
During  these  six  decades  the  greater  part  of  the 
literary  labors  associated  with  the  names  of  Pinkney, 
Poe,  Kennedy,  Welby,  and  Miles  was  wrought  into 
form  and  the  earliest  school  of  historians  of  Mary 
land,  Bozman,  McSherry  and  McMahon,  laid  the 
foundations  upon  which  later  and  riper  researches 
have  in  large  measure  rested  and  from  which  they 
have  drawn  the  quickening  spirit  that  led  to  the 
broader  and  richer  generalizations  of  our  contem 
porary  day.  Within  the  first  half  of  this  century 
there  appeared  The  Pleasures  of  Religion  and  Other 
Poems,  1833 ;  Zenosius  or  the  Pilgrim  Convert,  1845 ; 
Aletheia;  St.  Ignatius  and  His  First  Companions;  etc. 


28  AUTHORS  OF,  MARYLAND 

These  early  efforts  of  the  sacred  muse  in  Baltimore 
were  the  work  of  Rev.  Charles  Constantine  Pise, 
D.D.,  for  years  associated  with  the  clergy  of  the 
Cathedral.  Father  Pise's  introductory  poem,  dedi 
cated  to  Washington  Irving,  is  marked  by  unusual 
grace  of  conception  as  well  as  ease  of  versification 
and  reveals  the  author  in  an  attractive  light,  generous 
in  culture,  broad  and  catholic  in  the  range  of  his 
sympathies.  It  will  be  observed  that  his  literary 
chronology  is  nearly  coincident  with  that  of  Poe. 

In  the  foremost  files  of  Maryland,  if  not  of  Ameri 
can  poets  who  fell  in  the  mere  dawning  of  their 
promise  and  power,  stands  Edward  Coote  Pinkney 
(born  in  London  1802 — died  in  Baltimore  1828),  son 
of  the  renowned  advocate  and  statesman  William  Pink 
ney.  His  life  in  the  number  of  its  years  was  a  parallel 
to  that  of  his  English  contemporary,  John  Keats.  He 
was  by  profession  a  lawyer,  but  as  with  Miles  and 
Lanier,  the  love  of  literature  was  the  dominant  passion. 
His  premature  death  blighted  the  rich  promise  of  his 
early  days.  Potentially  he  is  one  of  the  master  lights  of 
American  song.  In  sweetness  and  grace  of  art  his 
Health,  addressed  to  a  lady  of  Baltimore,  will  not  lose 
its  lustre  when  brought  into  comparison  with  the 
purest  fantasies  of  the  lyrists  of  the  seventeenth  cen 
tury  or  those  lords  of  ancient  melody,  whose  strains 
survive  by  transmission  or  reproduction,  in  a  secular 
ized  and  unresponsive  world. 

Pinkney's  masterpiece  elicited  from  Poe  a  generous 
and  unqualified  tribute  in  his  "Lecture  on  the  Poetic 


AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND  29 

Principle/'  delivered  in  1847.  The  Song  and  The 
Serenade  are  justly  accounted  among  his  finer  flights 
but  Healthy  in  its  special  sphere,  is  alone  in  American 
poetry.  Pinkney  may  be  described  with  no  touch  of 
exaggeration  as  the  "young  Lycidas"  of  our  Mary 
land  literary  history.  An  edition  of  his  works  ap 
peared  in  1825.* 

The  earlier  historians  of  Maryland  are  worthy  of 
more  than  casual  reference  or  conventional  eulogy. 
Each  one  of  the  school,  Bozman,  McSherry  and  Mc- 
Mahon,  devoted  himself  especially  to  the  origin  and 
development  of  his  native  state  and  is  animated  by  a 
strong  sentiment  of  local  attachment,  loyalty  to  her 
ideals  and  manly  pride  in  her  ancient  fame  and  un 
sullied  record. 

First  on  the  roll  of  her  chroniclers  is  John  Leeds 
Bozman  (born  1757 — died  1823).  His  "Memoirs" 
were  written  by  Dr.  Samuel  Alexander  Harrison,  a 
cultured  physician  who  applied  himself  to  the  pursuit 
of  literature  as  well  as  to  the  practice  of  his  science. 
Bozman,  like  McSherry  and  McMahon,  was  by  pro 
fession  a  lawyer.  His  History  of  Maryland  from  its 
First  Settlement,  1633,  to  the  Restoration,  1660,  with 
a  copious  introduction,  notes  and  illustrations,  was 
not  published  until  1837,  fourteen  years  after  his 
death.  His  Sketch  of  the  History  of  Maryland  ap 
peared  in  1811.  Bozman  is  deserving  of  that  special 

*  His  brother,  Frederick  Pinkney,  a  member  of  the  Bal 
timore  bar  (1804-1873)  was  the  author  of  poems  which  won 
popular  favor  during  the  dramatic  period  of  the  War  be 
tween  the  States,  1861-65. 


30  AUTHORS  OE  MARYLAND 

recognition  which  is  the  meed  of  the  pioneer  in  every 
sphere  and  is  perhaps  more  hardly  won  in  the  un- 
traversed  ranges  of  historic  exploration  than  in  any 
of  the  fields  that  have  been  claimed  and  conquered 
by  the  genius  of  modern  research. 

James  McSherry,  second  in  this  early  historic 
circle,  was  a  native  of  Frederick,  Md.  (born  1819 — 
died  1869).  Father  Laval  or  the  Jesuit  Missionary 
and  his  History  of  Maryland  from  1634  to  1848  ( 1904) 
represent  the  work  that  was  accomplished  during  his 
comparatively  brief  term  of  active  life.  The  periods  to 
which  he  principally  dedicated  himself  were  for  the 
most  part  but  imperfectly  revealed  until  a  time  nearer 
the  present  day.  His  History  of  Maryland  has  been 
continued  and  its  value  increased  by  Dr.  B.  B.  James, 
(1904)  a  critical  researcher  and  investigator  who  is 
in  harmony  with  the  scientific  methods  that  prevail  in 
the  historic  centers  of  the  modern  world. 

John  Van  Lear  McMahon  (born  1800 — died 
1871),  won  fame  in  his  profession,  the  law,  was  a 
master  of  oratory  and  in  the  element  of  style  is  per 
haps  the  most  attractive  of  the  early  historians  of 
Maryland.  His  Historical  View  of  the  Government 
of  Maryland,  1831,  is  marked  by  a  clear  and  vigorous 
£rasp  of  the  subject  as  well  as  an  effective  and  at 
times  even  brilliant  command  of  language.  Above 
all  docs  this  comment  hold  good  of  his  tribute  to  his 
own  profession  for  the  part  played  in  resisting  the 


AUTHORS  OE  MARYLAND  31 

encroachments  of  tyranny  and  in  withstanding  the 
aggressiveness  of  arbitrary  power  during  the  critical 
epochs  of  constitutional  expansion  and  political  de 
velopment. 

An  especial  place  must  be  reserved  in  the  history 
of  Maryland  literature  for  the  author  of  the  national 
anthem,  however  the  song  may  be  estimated  from 
the  viewpoint  of  poetical  excellence. 

Francis  Scott  Key  (born  1780 — died  1843),  was 
a  native  of  Frederick  county  and  educated  at  St. 
John's  College,  Annapolis.  He  was  by  profession  a 
lawyer.  His  life  was  passed  in  Washington.  He 
died  in  Frederick.  The  fame  of  Key  is  principally 
associated  with  his  authorship  of  The  Star  Spangled 
Banner  but  this  is  by  no  means  his  only  venture  into 
the  realm  of  the  muses  nor  his  greatest  achievement 
when  contemplated  from  the  standpoint  of  literary  art. 

Hymn  443  of  the  collection  in  use  in  the  Protestant 
Episcopal  Church  is  the  work  of  Key  and  was  com 
posed  in  1823.  Even  taking  into  account  the  widely 
varying  nature  of  the  subjects  involved,  this,  his  sole 
essay  in  the  field  of  hymnology,  displays  a  higher  de 
gree  of  poetic  sensibility  and  more  delicate  appreci 
ation  of  rhythmic  grace  than  are  revealed  in  the 
national  anthem.  The  purity  of  his  patriotism  and 
the  nobility  of  his  nature  will  for  all  time  assure  Key 
a  foremost  place  among  the  heroes  and  gentlemen  of 
Maryland.  As  a  poet,  however,  his  place  is  only 
secondary  though  he  is  estimated  in  the  light  of  a 


32  AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND 

genuine  and  untempered  affection.  His  loftiest  flight 
was  attained  in  A  Nobleman's  Son,  now  fallen  into 
decadence  if  not  oblivion. 

The  heart  of  Key  was  a  heart  of  gold.  There  was 
the  consecration  but  not  the  poet's  dream.  An  edition 
of  his  poems  by  Rev.  Henry  V.  D.  Johns  appeared  in 
1857.  The  biographical  sketch  which  accompanies  the 
work  is  from  the  hand  of  Key's  brother-in-law,  Hon. 
Roger  B.  Taney,  and  reveals  the  august  figure  of  the 
sovereign  jurist  in  a  novel  but  most  attractive  char 
acter. 

Contemporary  in  a  measure  with  Key  is  one  of  the 
early  poetesses  of  Maryland  Mrs.  Amelia  B.  Cop- 
puck  Welby  (born  at  St.  Michael's  1819 — died  at 
Louisville,  Ky.,  1852).  The  greater  part  of  her 
active  life  was  passed  in  Kentucky.  Poe  in  his 
"American  Literati"  spoke  in  terms  of  strong  com 
mendation  of  Mrs.  Welby  and  her  work.  That  the 
gift  of  verse  was  bestowed  upon  her  there  can  be  no 
doubt  nor  was  it  conferred  in  the  spirit  of  parsimony. 
Yet  her  innate  power  was  never  developed  according 
to  the  standard  of  its  possibilities.  Adverse  condi 
tions  in  her  youthful  days,  lack  of  sympathy,  the  ab 
sence  of  the  inspiration  which  springs  from  cultured 
association,  tended  to  retard  and  depress  the  expansion 
of  her  rare  and  delicately  touched  poetic  faculty. 
The  vision  was  hers  but  the  waywardness  of  fortune 
withheld  the  conditions  essential  to  its  broadening  into 
pure  and  perfect  light.  A  collection  of  her  verses 


AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND  33 

bearing  the  title  Poems  by  Amelia,  the  name  under 
which  she  wrote,  appeared  in  Boston  in  1844.  In 
1849  ner  husband,  George  Welby,  copyrighted  an 
edition  with  the  same  title  as  that  of  1844,  dedicated 
to  her  father,  William  Coppuck.  The  most  attractive 
edition  of  all  is  probably  the  one  issued  in  1850.  The 
fourteenth  edition,  1860,  attained  a  circulation  of 
fourteen  thousand,  a  brilliant  success  for  the  time  at 
which  it  appeared.  A  comprehensive  and  discrimi 
nating  review  of  Mrs.  Welby's  poetical  achievements 
may  be  found  in  the  "Baltimore  American"  of  August 
8th,  1909,  from  the  pen  of  Frank  B.  Culver.* 

*See  also  ''Library  of  Southern  Literature,"  Vol.  XIII. 


TTI 


THE  DEVELOPMENT  OF  AN   AMERICAN   LITERATURE; 
ITS  GROWTH  IN  MARYLAND. 


EDGAR  ALLAN  POE 


CHAPTER  III. 

THE  DEVELOPMENT  OF  AN  AMERICAN   LITERATURE; 
ITS  GROWTH  IN  MARYLAND. 

A  distinctive  American  literature  was  a  plant  of 
slow  and  gradual  growth,  even  after  the  separation 
of  the  colonies  from  England  and  the  assured  estab 
lishment  of  their  political  autonomy.  The  traditional 
attachment  of  the  Southern  colonies  to  the  mother 
country  long  survived  the  period  of  their  independ 
ence  and  in  no  one  of  the  original  thirteen  was  this 
sentiment  more  abiding  and  tenacious  in  character 
than  in  Maryland.  Devotion  and  deference  to  an 
cestral  models  in  the  sphere  of  culture,  literary  and 
scholastic,  existed  in  almost  unabated  vigor  for  de 
cades  subsequent  to  the  formal  severance  of  'her 
relation  to  Great  Britain.  Strange  then  does  it  seem 
that  with  the  advent  of  the  most  renowned  genius 
whose  name  is  associated  with  the  history  of  the 
state  there  was  not  only  a  casting  aside  of  ancestral 
precedents  or  English  prototypes  but  an  absolute  fail 
ure  to  assimilate  or  idealize  any  of  the  essential  or 
novel  forces  developed  by  a  buoyant  and  untamed 
civilization.  If  there  was  ever  "a  new  departure" 
in  the  evolution  of  modern  literature  it  revealed  its 
power  in  the  life  and  work  of  Edgar  Allan  Poe. 

Poe  was  born  in  Boston  of  Maryland  ancestry 
January  iQth,  1809.  He  came  into  the  world  during 


38  AUTHORS  OR  MARYLAND 

that  "annus  mirabilis"  of  the  nineteenth  century  which 
greeted  the  advent  of  such  "full  welling  fountain 
heads  of  change"  as  Darwin,  Tennyson,  Gladstone 
and  Mendelssohn.  He  died  in  Baltimore  October  7th, 
1849,  and  is  buried  in  Westminster  Church-yard  in 
that  city.  During  the  year  1875  the  teachers  of  Balti 
more  erected  the  monument  which  marks  his  grave. 
It  was  formally  dedicated  November  I7th,  1875.  The 
life  of  Poe  has  been  written  with  the  utmost  affluence 
of  detail  and  wealth  of  research  by  Didier,  Ingram, 
Woodberry  and  Harrison.  The  present  article  ap 
proaches  the  subject  from  the  viewpoint  of  literary 
analysis.  Biography  is  introduced  only  incidentally 
or  as  a  means  of  illustration. 

In  contemplating  critically  the  prose  or  poetry  of 
Poe,  his  startling  originality  of  aim  and  spirit  reveals 
its  power  at  every  point.  There  is  at  times  a  touch 
of  local  color,  an  echo  of  his  native  hills,  but  there  is 
hardly  a  figure,  or  illustration  that  can  be  described  as 
distinctively  American,  Eastern  or  Western,  North 
ern  or  Southern.  Much  of  his  poetry  might  have 
been  conceived  and  wrought  into  its  peerless  artistic 
form  as  effectively  in  Rome  or  in  Athens  as  amid 
the  associations  of  New  York,  Baltimore  or  Rich 
mond.  His  verse  is  in  every  essential  feature  a  mys 
tic  lay  woven  in  the  world  of  dreams.  Contemporary 
criticism  has  been  prone  to  exaggerate  the  indebted 
ness  of  Poe  to  the  school  of  which  Keats  and  Cole 
ridge  are  the  most  notable  types.  The  sources  of  his 
inspiration  are  sought  in  "Christabel,"  "The  Ancient 


AUTHORS  OR  MARYLAND  39 

Mariner,"  "Kubla  Khan"  and  "Lamia."  Yet  there  is 
no  logical  proof  that  he  drew  a  single  note  of  inspira 
tion  from  the  circle  of  Coleridge,  "the  school  of 
wonder"  in  England,  or  the  morbid  romances  of 
Charles  Brockden  Browne  in  America.  Analogies  or 
likenesses,  in  so  far  as  they  may  be  traced,  are  the 
characteristics  of  necessity  arising  from  resemblance 
in  aim  and  ideal. 

The  career  of  Poe  may  be  regarded  as  assuming 
a  definite  form  with  the  publication  of  his  volume  of 
1831  containing  several  poems  that  appeared  in  re 
vised  shape,  as  well  as  some  that  now  saw  the  light 
for  the  first  time.  In  this  latter  class  may  be  named 
the  finely  touched  lyric  To  Helen,  with  its  possible 
autobiographical  echo  or  self-revelation  in  verse.  The 
student  of  literary  history  will  note  the  coincidence 
that  Poe's  earliest  venture  was  issued  under  the  title 
of  A  Bostonian  in  1827,  that  is,  in  the  same  year  with 
"Poems  by  Two  Brothers"  the  first  venture  of 
Charles  and  Alfred  Tennyson. 

Apart  from  the  evidence  drawn  from  the  story  of 
his  life  his  work  in  prose  as  well  as  verse  conveys 
convincing  proof  of  the  isolation  in  which  he  stood 
with  reference  to  contemporaries  and  predecessors  in 
either  sphere.  It  is  at  least  significant  that  in  the 
rich  harvest  of  accusation,  which  envy  and  malice 
have  hurled  at  the  head  of  Poe,  the  charge  of  plagi 
arism  or  even  imitation  has  rarely  found  a  place. 
From  its  earlier  stages  the  art  of  Poe  was  greeted 
with  acclaim  in  the  discerning  circles  of  the  European 


40  AUTHORS  OE  MARYLAND 

world.  The  translation  of  Baudelaire  will  suggest 
itself  and  the  marked  influence  of  Poe  in  the  develop 
ment  of  the  French  school  of  Symbolists  is  one  of  the 
ripe  results  of  a  day  nearer  our  own.  The  poles  of 
European  culture,  the  land  of  Hamlet  and  the  home 
of  Dante,  Denmark  and  Italy,  have  shared  in  the 
charm  of  his  romances  and  the  mystic  strain  that  pre 
vails  in  his  verse. 

It  is  not  easy  to  appreciate  in  the  retrospect  of 
fourscore  years  the  impression  wrought  by  the  strange 
weird  note  of  the  newly  risen  poet  as  it  fell  upon 
the  ear  of  the  crude  and  virile  American  world.  The 
"unformed  Occident"  was  then  absorbed  in  the 
grapple  with  primeval  nature  and  untamed  material 
forces.  Its  literary  creation  was,  in  the  main,  imi 
tative  or  derivative,  the  reproduction  of  English  types, 
the  modification  of  inherited  tendencies.  At  the  time 
of  Poe's  advent,  1827-1831,  there  had  appeared  but 
little  in  prose  or  verse  that  was  distinctively  Ameri 
can  and  was  the  presage  of  an  ampler  day.  The 
romances  of  Cooper  suggest  the  most  notable  excep 
tion,  for  Irving  with  his  affluence  of  sweetness  and 
light  was,  in  his  essential  features,  an  evolution  from 
the  English  Augustan  age  or  an  Americanized  Ad- 
dison. 

To  a  discerning  student  of  literary  development, 
had  one  arisen  in  that  day  of  dawn,  it  must  have 
seemed,  as  Poe's  earlier  editions  were  ushered  into 
the  world,  that  a  star  had  fallen  from  the  heavens  of 
song.  Yet  there  is  little  to  indicate  that  the  novel 


'AUTHORS  OP  MARYLAND  41 

note,  never  until  that  day  heard  in  our  poetry,  and 
never  reappearing  save  in  echoes  like  the  phantoms 
of  fading  melodies,  affected,  even  in  a  visible  meas 
ure,  the  complacent  tranquillity  of  that  period. 
Throughout  the  English-speaking  world  the  poetic 
impulse  had  descended  to  the  lowest  point  at  the  time  of 
Poe's  advent  in  1827.  Shelley  and  Keats  were  rest 
ing  in  their  Roman  graves;  Coleridge  had  abandoned 
poetry  for  philosophy  and  criticism ;  Wordsworth  had 
ceased  to  produce  save  in  fitful  and  desultory  fashion ; 
Browning  was  a  lad  in  his  teens;  "the  idle  singers 
of  an  empty  day"  held  almost  unchallenged  ascend 
ancy.  Tennyson  and  Poe,  appearing  simultaneously, 
was  each  the  herald  of  a  new  order,  though  each 
pursued  his  own  peculiar  path  to  immortality.  With 
the  English  master  it  was  a  resistless  advance  from 
glory  to  glory  until  "the  crossing  of  the  bar"  in  1892. 
He  broadened  slowly  from  precedent  to  precedent, 
all  the  charms  of  all  the  muses  flowering  in  his  Vir- 
gilian  measure,  his  chosen  coin  of  fancy,  the  sovereign 
lord  of  our  mother  speech.  No  such  auspicious  for 
tune  descended  upon  Poe.  That  his  moral  infirmities 
were  neither  few  nor  small  even  his  sympathetic  biog 
raphers  must  in  candor  concede.  Still,  when  the  case 
is  most  strongly  urged  against  him,  his  enemies  them 
selves  being  judges,  the  plane  on  which  he  stands  is 
not  'below  that  on  which  are  arrayed  such  lights  of 
our  -poetic  heavens  as  Marlowe,  Burns,  Byron  and 
Shelley. 

It   was   an   epoch   in   the    world's   literature    when 


42  AUTHORS  O'E  MARYLAND 

young  Poe  brought  his  two  slender  volumes  to  the 
light  in  1827-1831.  The  appeal  was  as  far-reaching 
as  the  Universe,  the  transient  and  the  ephemeral  en 
tered  not  into  the  strange  weird  note.  There  is  no 
flavor  of  commonplace  association,  of  the  modes  and 
aspirations  of  our  prosaic  world,  with  its  sad  mechanic 
exercise,  in  the  skylark  strain  and  ethereal  tone  which 
floats  down  from  the  supernal  ranges  of  Lenore  and 
Annabel  Lee.  Bryant,  Whittier  and  Longfellow  ad 
dressed  themselves  to  the  dominant  American  type 
and  their  prevailing  art  was  marked  by  local  color, 
native  associations,  historical,  traditional  or  ideal. 
With  notable  exceptions  it  was  American  in  essence 
as  in  origin  or  inspiration.  The  didactic  impulse,  the 
moral  Iesson2  the  homily  in  song  was  ever  asserting 
itself. 

It  is  in  the  fierce  light  of  contrast  that  the  weird- 
ness  and  witchery  of  Poe's  verse  reveals  its  subtle  and 
invincible  charm.  The  bufferings  of  fortune  did  not 
wither  him;  disaster  and  destitution  staled  not  his 
infinite  variety.  As  he  drew  neither  succor  nor  en 
couragement  from  the  grim  and  austere  world  that 
confronted  him  so  he  drew  neither  inspiration,  models, 
nor  prototypes  from  the  sovereigns  of  his  art  who  had 
gone  before  him,  nor  from  contemporary  masters 
who  had  thrown  down  the  gauntlet  and  were  grappling 
with  their  evil  star. 

During  his  twenty  years  of  active  life,  Poe  accom 
plished  results  so  far-reaching  and  crowned  his  poetry 
with  such  flawlessness  and  grace  of  aim  and  execution 


AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND  43 

that  his  rank  is  assured  among  the  marvels  of  literary 
history.  His  range  included  poetry,  fiction,  criticism, 
and  in  two  of  these  spheres  he  stands  in  the  foremost 
file,  his  fame  broadening  with  the  increasing  decades. 
He  has  created  a  school  in  romance,  he  has  called  into 
life  a  phase  of  poetry  almost  undreamed  of  in  literary 
evolution  and  in  the  field  of  divination  nearly  every 
one  of  his  judgments  has  been  verified  by  the  passion 
less  and  abiding  arbitrament  of  the  succeeding  ages. 
In  the  province  of  criticism  Poe  has  never  been 
accorded  the  recognition  which  is  the  just  meed  of 
his  achievement,  marked  by  a  finely  tempered  gift  of 
foreseeing  the  result  that  enabled  him  to  penetrate  the 
remotest  walks  of  the  most  seclusive  of  the  muses. 
Even  the  casual  reader  of  contemporary  fiction  must 
recognize  the  prototypes  of  "Sherlock  Holmes"  and 
his  school  in  The  Purloined  Letter  and  The  Murders 
in  the  Rue  Morgue;  while  a  more  striking  illustration 
of  literary  ancestry  cannot  be  suggested  than  the 
story  of  "William  Wilson"  and  "The  Strange  Case  of 
Dr.  Jekyl  and  Mr.  Hyde."  The  French  detective 
story  traces  from  Poe  by  direct  descent  while  the 
Symbolists  discern  in  bis  method  the  clear  fore 
shadowing  of  their  own  philosophy.  From  The  Raven 
sprung  the  inspiration  of  "The  Blessed  Damozel," 
that  youthful  fantasy  of  Rossetti's  with  its  mystic 
vein  revealing  the  subtlest  graces  of  the  Dantean  age. 
It  is  in  its  essential  character  an  obverse  or  inverted 
presentation  of  the  conditions  that  prevail  in  The 
Raven.  Rossetti  explicitly  avows  his  indebtedness  to 


44  AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND 

Poe.  Without  the  former  poem  the  latter  would 
never  have  leaped  to  life. 

Poe's  cast  of  mind  in  the  sphere  of  art  is  alien  to 
nearly  all  the  characteristics  of  contemporary  life. 
It  appeals  to  few  of  the  forces  that  are  local,  the  sen 
suous,  the  empirical,  the  visible.  His  heroines  derive 
not  from  fleshly  models  such  as  dwelt  in  earthly 
vesture.  An  eminent  critic  has  intimated  that  they 
had  their  prototypes  in  Southern  women,  hence  the 
resistless  grace  and  witchery,  but  the  realm  in  which 
they  passed  their  dreamy  days  was  defined  by  no  geo 
graphical  limitation  nor  fixed  by  bounds  arid  metes 
of  place  and  measure.  These  "airy  nothings"  have 
been  personalized  by  names  current  among  women 
but  the  "local  habitations"  exist  only  as  a  vision  of 
Utopia.  Traits  of  common  loveliness  with  their  sis 
ters  of  the  South  were  revealed  in  their  creation  but 
their  homes  lay  by  sounding  seas,  by  dim  lakes  of 
Auber,  or  on  the  marge  of  mysterious  tarns  whose 
shrouding  waves  enveloped  the  desolate  House  of 
Usher. 

Poe's  mode  of  approach  to  themes  that  are  romantic 
or  in  the  golden  world  of  fiction  did  not  lie  exclusively 
in  the  sphere  of  the  Symbolists.  That  he  anticipated 
their  characteristic  method  of  procedure  is  clear  to 
one  who  will  compare  carefully  the  results  attained 
by  each.  Poe,  however,  is  more  than  a  Symbolist  and 
several  of  his  notable  creations  in  fiction  may  assume 
rank  with  the  recognized  types  of  the  school  of 
naturalism.  Take,  for  example,  the  story  of  The 


AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND  45 

Gold  Bug,  The  Purloined  Letter  or  The  Tell  Tale 
Heart.  In  rigor  of  demonstration,  laying  bare  every 
spring  of  action  with  scientific  precision,  these  have 
rarely  'been  surpassed  in  the  history  of  literature. 
From  these  types  one  comes  to  such  creations  of 
fantasy  as  The  Masque  of  the  Red  Death  or  The 
Haunted  Palace  and  all  the  mechanism  of  the  Sym 
bolists  is  potentially  set  before  us.  Expansion  and 
elaboration  will  assure  the  completed  result. 

If  these  two  schools,  despite  their  conflicting  ten 
dencies,  do  not  trace  their  origin  to  Poe,  they  were 
foreshadowed  in  his  art,  their  essential  features  are 
clearly  unfolded,  the  final  stage  is  merely  the  natural 
process  of  evolution.  Such  versatility  of  genius,  such 
power  to  stimulate  to  rare  and  ripe  issues  the  artistic 
'development  of  alien  lands  and  races,  is  without 
parallel  in  the  record  of  modern  literature.  For  Poe 
it  secures  an  abiding  place  such  as  no  other  American 
has  ever  attained  or  even  approached. 


iv 

LITERATURE    IN    MARYLAND    FROM    THE    MIDDLE   OF 

THE  NINETEENTH  CENTURY  TO  THE  PERIOD 

SUCCEEDING  THE  WAR  BETWEEN 

THE  STATES. 


CHAPTER  IV 

LITERATURE    IN    MARYLAND    FROM    THE    MIDDLE   OF 

THE  NINETEENTH  CENTURY  TO  THE  PERIOD 

SUCCEEDING  THE  WAR  BETWEEN 

THE  STATES. 

It  should  be  borne  in  mind  that  in  a  work  such  as 
the  present  the  literary  chronology  is  of  greater  im 
portance  than  the  mere  record  of  the  exact  years 
which  our  authors  passed  upon  the  earth.  Only  a 
portion  of  each  writer's  life  is  devoted  to  his  profes 
sional  labors;  many  have  lived  through  a  prolonged 
period  after  they  have  ceased  from  literary  produc 
tivity  and  their  careers  in  their  chosen  field  may  be 
regarded  as  having  been  definitely  ended.  The  recog 
nition  of  this  principle  which  prevails  in  every  form 
of  historical  composition  will  serve  to  explain  what 
might  at  times  be  regarded  as  a  lack  of  unity  and  con 
sistency  in  the  design  and  the  construction  of  the 
work. 

The  period  included  in  the  interval  that  extends 
from  the  earlier  decades  of  the  nineteenth  century  to 
the  decade  that  succeeded  the  close  of  the  War  be 
tween  the  States  presents  a  diversity  of  literary 
activity,  much  of  it  excellent  in  conception  as  well  as 
admirable  in  artistic  execution.  The  preeminent 
genius  of  Poe  accords  him  special  treatment  as  a 


50  AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND 

sovereign  force,  not  in  Maryland  literature  alone,  but 
in  the  broader  range  of  the  literature  of  America,  if 
not  of  the  modern  world.  A  distinct  recognition  may 
be  also  claimed  for  that  rarest  flower  of  our  early 
anthology,  Edward  Coote  Pinkney.  Yet  contempo 
rary  with  these  masters  of  our  dawning  Maryland 
poetry  and  extending  down  the  increasing  century 
there  is  a  goodly  fellowship  of  elect  spirits  who  may 
justly  claim  commemoration  in  a  work  devoted  to  the 
representative  authors  of  Maryland. 

First  in  this  far-reaching  array,  conveying  the 
reader  back  to  the  very  rising  of  the  nineteenth  cen 
tury,  stands  the  name  of  John  Carroll,  first  Arch 
bishop  of  Baltimore  (born  1735 — died  1815),  one  of 
the  most  eminent  of  the  early  leaders  of  the  Catholic 
Church  in  America.  He  officiated,  as  Bishop  of 
Baltimore,  at  the  marriage  of  Miss  Patterson  to 
Jerome  Bonaparte  in  1803.  His  elevation  to  the  dig 
nity  of  Archbishop  dates  from  1808.  Though  not  a 
professional  author  he  was  engaged  in  active  theologi 
cal  controversy,  some  of  his  best  known  works  being 
Concise  Views  of  the  Principal  Points  of  Controversy 
between  the  Protestant  and  Catholic  Church  and  A 
Discourse  upon  General  Washington.  He  was  the 
founder  of  Georgetown  University,  one  of  the  most 
distinguished  centers  of  Catholic  culture. 

During  this  period,  also,  writers  such  as  David 
Hoffman  (born  1784 — died  1854)  lived  and  labored. 


AUTHORS  OH  MARYLAND  51 

Hoffman,  who  was  a  native  of  Baltimore  and  by  pro 
fession  a  lawyer,  seems  to  have  been  imbued  with 
that  spirit  of  culture  and  appreciation  so  often  re 
vealed  in  the  history  of  the  legal  fraternity  in  Mary 
land.  He  was  the  author  of  Legal  Outlines,  Viator 
and  Chronicles  from  the  Original  of  Catarphilus  the 
Wandering  Jew. 

Dr.  Franklin  Didier,  an  accomplished  and  cul 
tured  physician  (born  1794 — died  1840),  falls  within 
the  limits  of  this  period.  Dr.  Didier  devoted  himself 
to  literature  as  well  as  his  profession.  Not  only  was 
he  an  assiduous  contributor  to  leading  periodicals  but 
the  author  of  Didier's  Letters  from  Paris  and  Frank 
lin's  Letters  to  His  Kinsfolk. 

George  Lackland  Davis  is  worthy  of  commemo 
ration  as  the  author  of  The  Day  Star  of  American 
Freedom  or  the  Birth  and  Early  Growth  of  Tolera-^ 
tion  in  the  Province  of  Maryland  and  The  Japan  Ex 
pedition. 

Henry  Winter  Davis  (born  in  Annapolis  1817 — 
died  1865),  renowned  for  fervid  and  impassioned 
oratory,  won  fame  not  only  in  his  profession,  the  law, 
and  in  statesmanship,  but  applied  himself  to  literature 
and  was  the  author  of  The  War  of  Ormuzd  and 
Ahriman  in  the  Nineteenth  Century. 

Dr.  Thomas  Emerson  Bond,  Sr.  (born  1782 — died 
1856),  for  many  years  a  practitioner  of  medicine  and 


52  AUTHORS  OF.  MARYLAND 

a  pioneer  in  the  field  of  medical  education  and  or 
ganization  in  Maryland,  was  for  twelve  years  editor 
of  the  ''Christian  Advocate  and  Journal''  of  New 
York  and  from  the  vigor  and  persuasive  power  of  his 
style  he  was  known  as  the  "Defender  of  the  Metho 
dist  Episcopal  Church." 

Dr.  Thomas  Emerson  Bond,  Jr.  (born  1813 — died 
1872),  was  by  profession  a  physician  and  eminent  for 
his  skill  in  organization,  notably  illustrated  in  the 
foundation  of  the  medical  phase  of  the  Baltimore  Col 
lege  of  Dental  Surgery,  the  first  institution  of  its  kind 
in  the  world.  He  still  found  time,  however,  to  culti 
vate  and  develop  his  native  literary  faculty.  In  addi 
tion  to  technical  treatises  in  the  field  of  medicine  he 
wrote  a  Life  of  John  Knox  the  Scottish  Reformed 
As  editor  of  the  "Baltimore  Christian  Advocate  and 
Episcopal  Methodist"  his  forceful  and  logical  diction 
penetrated  the  country  and  commanded  affection,  as 
well  as  regard,  in  the  desolate  and  stricken  states  of 
the  South.  In  the  sphere  of  controversy  he  was  a 
recognized  power,  revered  by  his  allies,  respected  by 
his  foes.  His  poem,  inspired  by  the  comet  which  ap 
peared  in  1 86 1,  was  republished  by  the  "Baltimore 
Sun"  in  1910. 

Rev.  Francis  Patrick  Kenrick,  a  native  of  Ire 
land  (born  1797 — died  1863),  Archbishop  of  Balti 
more,  was  a  varied  and  devoted  author  in  the  special 
field  of  theology  and  ecclesiastical  history.  Among 


AUTHORS    OF   MARYLAND  53 

his  writings  may  be  mentioned  Letters  to  Rev.  Dr. 
Blackburn;  Theologica  Dogmatica;  Theologica  Mor- 
alis;  Letters  on  the  Primacy  of  the  Holy  See  and 
the  Authority  of  General  Councils;  Primacy  of  the 
Apostolic  See  Vindicated.  He  also  translated  into 
English  from  the  Latin  of  the  Vulgate  the  Four  Gos 
pels,  the  Acts  of  the  Apostles,  the  Epistles  and  the 
Apocalypse.  Archbishop  Kenrick  is  regarded  by 
Catholic  theologians  as  a  leading  authority  in  refer 
ence  to  tihe  history  of  their  church  and  especially  the 
questions  involved  in  the  controversy  relating  to  the 
primacy  of  St.  Peter. 

Eminent  among  Maryland  authors,  as  publicist, 
jurist  and  commentator  upon  ecclesiastical  and  theo 
logical  issues,  was  Hugh  Davy  Evans,  a  native  of 
Baltimore  (•born  1792 — died  1868).  In  addition  to 
technical  treatises  upon  the  law  he  produced  an 
Essay  on  the  Episcopate  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal 
Church  of  the  United  States,  a  Treatise  on  the 
Christian  Doctrine  of  Marriage  and  Essays  on  the 
Validity  of  Anglican  Ordination.  His  Essay  on 
Pleading  and  his  Maryland  Common  Law  Practice 
lie  outside  the  scope  of  the  present  work.  They 
were  quoted  with  marked  respect  in  the  courts  of 
Maryland  as  having  an  intrinsic  and  inherent  au 
thority  even  when  not  sustained  (by  established  pre 
cedents  or  confirmed  by  the  decisions  of  jiidical 
tribunals.  His  position  in  the  legal  history  of  the 
state  suggests  an  apparent  analogy  to  that  of  the 


54  AUTHORS  OR  MARYLAND 

"jurisconsult"  as  it  existed  in  its  matured  condition 
after  the  development  of  the  Roman  Imperial  legis 
lation. 


Among  Maryland  scholars  and  men  of  letters  who 
lived  and  labored  during  the  period  embraced  within 
the  limits  of  this  chapter  Rev.  Edward  J.  Stearns 
(born  in  Massachusetts  1810 — died  in  Maryland 
1890),  a  clergyman  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal 
Church,  is  worthy  of  honorable  recognition.  He  was 
at  one  time  associated  with  the  faculty  of  St.  John's 
College,  Annapolis.  In  1853  he  published  Notes  on 
Uncle  Tarn's  Cabin,  being  a  Logical  Answer  to  its 
Allegation  and  Inferences  Against  Slavery  as  an 
Institution,  a  vigorous  and  effective  rejoinder  from 
the  viewpoint  of  the  advocates  of  slavery.  He  was 
also  the  author  of  a  Practical  Guide  to  English  Pro 
nunciation.  Mr.  Stearns  was  a  contributor  to  leading 
periodicals,  such  as  Bledsoe's  "Southern  Review." 
His  criticisms  were  marked  by  finely  touched  attain 
ment  and  a  caustic,  trenchant  strain  that  shielded  the 
minutest  discussion  from  descending  to  the  plane  of 
platitude  and  decorous  mediocrity. 

In  the  company  of  clerical  scholars  included  within 
this  period  Rev.  Milo  Mahan,  D.D.,  a  native  of  Vir 
ginia  (born  1819 — died  1870),  for  many  years  rector 
of  St.  Paul's  P.  E.  Church,  Baltimore,  must  be  as 
signed  a  foremost  place.  He  was  the  author  of  The 
Exercise  of  Faith,  1857 ;  History  of  the  Church  During 


AUTHORS  OF.  MARYLAND  55 

the  First  Three  Centuries,  1860;  Reply  to  Colenso^ 
1863 ;  Palmoni,  A  Free  Inquiry,  1864  and  the  Comedy 
of  Canonization,  1868.  Dr.  Mahan  was  eminent  in 
the  sphere  of  biblical  criticism  and  the  range  of  his 
culture  was  broad  and  varied;  his  attainments  being 
marked  by  accuracy  in  detail  as  well  as  comprehen 
siveness  of  character. 

Martin  John  Spalding,  successor  to  Archbishop 
Kcnrick  as  Catholic  Archbishop  of  Baltimore  (born 
1810 — died  1872),  is  entitled  to  honorable  recognition 
as  an  author  in  other  fields  than  those  which  are  pro 
fessional  or  theological.  He  was  a  native  of  Ken 
tucky  and  succeeded  Archbishop  Kenrick  in  1863. 
Among  his  varied  contributions  to  literature  may  be 
named  his  D'Aiibigne's  History  of  the  Reformation 
Reviewed,  Lectures  on  the  General  Evidences  of 
Catholicity,  Sketches  of  the  Early  Missions  in  Ken 
tucky,  Miscellanea,  Plistory  of  the  Protestant  Reforma 
tion  in  Germany  and  Switzerland  and  The  Middle 
Ages  Literature  and  Arts.  Archbishop  Spalding's  de 
scription  of  the  world  renowned  clock  in  the  minster 
of  Strasburg  is,  perhaps,  the  best  ever  written,  and  is 
thoroughly  entertaining  as  well  as  instructive. 

Rev.  Richard  Fuller,  D.D.  (born  1804— died 
1876)  was  a  native  of  Beaufort,  S.  C,  and  was  edu 
cated  at  Harvard  College.  For  years  he  pursued  with 
success  the  profession  of  the  law.  In  1832  he  entered 
the  ministry  of  the  Baptist  Church.  In  1847  ne 


56  AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND 

his  home  in  Baltimore  and  it  became  the  center  of  his 
labors  for  the  remainder  of  his  life.  Dr.  Fuller  may  be 
justly  ranked  among  the  foremost  lights  of  his  de 
nomination  in  the  United  States.  As  a  preacher  he 
was  vigorous,  eloquent  and  impressive,  and  was  a 
leading  figure  in  more  than  one  controversy,  political 
as  well  as  theological,  notably  with  Rev.  Dr.  Francis 
Wayland  of  Brown  University,  R.  I.,  and  Bishop  Eng 
land  of  the  Catholic  diocese  of  Charleston,  S.  C.  The 
"Life  of  Dr.  Fuller/'  by  Rev.  J.  H.  Cuthbert,  D.D., 
was  published  in  1879.  In  addition  to  his  unceasing 
clerical  activity  Dr.  Fuller  issued  several  volumes  of 
sermons  and  a  popular  treatise  entitled  The  Terms  of 
Baptism  and  Communion. 

Brantz  Mayer  (born  1809 — died  1879),  a  native 
of  Baltimore,  was  conspicuous  by  his  devotion  to  the 
history  of  Maryland  and  was  a  varied  and  diligent 
contributor  to  the  publications  of  the  Maryland  His 
torical  Society  with  which  he  was  prominently  as 
sociated.  Among  these  the  following  workb  by  Mr. 
Mayer  are  deserving  of  special  recognition :  History, 
Prospects  and  Possessions  of  the  Maryland  Historical 
Society;  Memoir  of  Charles  Carroll  of  Carrollton; 
Smithsonian's  Contributions  to  Knowledge;  Com 
merce •,  Literature  and  Art;  Memoir  of  Jared  Sparks 
and  Mexico  as  It  Was  and  as  It  Is.  His  was  a 
marked  and  salutary  influence  both  by  precept  and 
example  for  the  promotion  of  historical  research  and 
the  diffusion  of  its  results. 


AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND  57 

The  first  Recording  Secretary  of  the  Maryland 
Historical  Society  and  one  of  its  founders  in  1844 
was  Sebastian  F.  Streeter,  a  special  student  of  the 
early  history  of  his  native  State.  He  was  the  author 
of  The  First  Commander  of  Kent  Island,  Papers  Re 
lating  to  the  Early  History  of  Maryland  and  Maryland 
Two  Hundred  Years  Ago. 

Rev.  Ethan  Allen,  a  clergyman  of  the  Protestant 
Episcopal  Church  (born  1796 — died  1879),  lived  for 
many  years  in  Maryland  and  devoted  himself  as 
siduously  to  the  study  of  her  early  records,  espe 
cially  their  local  and  ecclesiastical  phases.  His  con 
tributions  represent  some  of  the  most  suggestive  and 
productive  features  of  development  illustrated  in  the 
history  of  the  state,  such  as  Clergy  in  Maryland  of  the 
Protesant  Episcopal  Church  Since  the  Independence 
of  1783;  Sketches  of  the  History  of  St.  Thomas 
Parish;  Garrison  Forest,  Baltimore  County,  1742- 
1852 ;  Plistory  of  Maryland,  or  Sketches  of  the  Early 
History  of  Maryland  to  the  Year  1650  and  Who  Were 
the  Early  Settlers  of  Maryland? 

Within  this  period  also  appears  the  name  of  the 
foremost  sailor  that  Maryland  has  given  to  the  world, 
Raphael  Semmes,  Admiral  in  the  Confederate  navy 
and  Commander  of  the  Alabama  (born  Charles 
County,  Maryland,  September  27,  1809— -died  Mobile, 
Alabama,  August  30,  1877). 

Admiral  Semmes  was  a  man  of  broad  and  varied 
attainments,  versed  in  law  and  in  literature  as  well  as 


58  AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND 

in  the  special  science  relating  to  his  profession.  His 
knowledge  of  international  and  maritime  law  was 
both  comprehensive  and  critical.  He  was  the  author 
of  Service  Afloat  and  Ashore  During  the  Mexican 
War,  1851;  The  Campaign  of  General  Scott  in  the* 
Valley  of  Mexico,  1852;  The  Cruise  of  the  Alabama 
and  Suniptcr,  1864,  and  Memoirs  of  Service  Afloat 
During  the  War  Between  the  States,  1869.  The  style 
of  Semmes  is,  in  its  essential  characteristics,  clear, 
bracing,  vigorous,  displaying  a  range  and  accuracy  of 
acquirement  that  seem  all  the  more  noteworthy  in  view 
of  the  active  and  absorbing  nature  of  his  career  from 
its  early  stages  until  the  close  of  the  great  national 
conflict  in  1865.  He  illustrated  the  scientific  tem 
perament  in  an  eminent  degree,  blending  with  it  a 
literary  facility  that  is  remarkable  under  the  circum 
stances  which  distinguished  his  eventful  history. 

In  1853  Rev.  William  Pinkney,  D.D.  (born  1810 
— died  1883),  Bishop  of  Maryland,  published  the  Life 
of  William  Pinkney,  by  His  Nepheiv,  1853  (1856)  a 
work  of  genuine  interest  and  merit  though  marred  by 
an  occasional  tendency  to  an  overwrought  and  florid 
diction.  The  revelation  of  the  inner  attitude  of 
William  Wirt  toward  his  brilliant  colleague  is  one  of 
the  most  suggestive  phases  of  the  book.  The 
"Memoir  of  Wirt"  by  John  P.  Kennedy,  is  exhibited 
in  an  unamiable  light  by  Dr.  Pinkney's  narrative. 
Notwithstanding  its  characteristic  excellences  the  por 
trayal  of  Pinkney  by  his  nephew  is  by  no  means  equal 


AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND  59 

in  clearness  and  vividness  of  impression  to  that  con 
veyed  by  Chief  Justice  Taney's  narrative  of  his  own 
early  days  (1777-1801)  which  precedes  his  biography 
by  Dr.  Samuel  Tyler.  Dr.  Pinkney  also  published 
A  Memoir  of  John  H.  Alexander,  LL.D.,  1867. 

In  the  field  of  local  history  and  poetry  the  literature 
of  Maryland  has  not  been  lacking  in  productive 
power.  Under  this  general  description  must  be  classed 
such  works  as  Poets  and  Poetry  of  Cecil  County,  byj 
William  J.  Jones;  Old  Kent  and  The  Eastern  Shore, 
by  George  A.  Hanson,  1876;  History  of  Cecil  County 
and  The  Poetry  and  Prose  of  Cecil  County,  by  George 
Johnston. 

All  these  works  have  their  special  interest  and  value. 

Samuel  J.  Donaldson  (born  1835 — died  1872),  a 
native  of  Baltimore,  was  an  assiduous  student  of 
English  literature,  devoting  himself  especially  to  the 
poetry  of  Shelley,  Keats  and  Poe.  He  was  a  believer 
in  the  theory  advocated  by  Poe  that  "a  long  poem  does 
not  exist,"  and  his  creations  in  verse  were  cast  in  the 
lyrical  form.  At  the  age  of  twenty-five  he  placed 
them,  artistically  and  luxuriously  bound,  in  the  hands 
of  Longfellow  with  a  request  for  his  judgment  in  re 
gard  to  their  merits.  The  New  Englander,  however, 
coldly  declined  any  expression  of  opinion  in  reference 
to  the  work  of  the  youthful  and  aspiring  Baltimore 
lyrist.  Not  daunted  by  this  rebuff  Mr.  Donaldson 
issued  in  1860  a  volume  entitled  Lyrics  and  Other 
Poems.  The  circulation  of  the  book  was  principally 


60  AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND 

confined  to  his  personal  friends  who  contributed  liber 
ally  to  its  support.  This  was  his  only  appearance  as 
an  author,  his  works  in  prose  never  having  been 
published. 

Edward  Spencer  (born  in  Baltimore,  1834 — died 
1883)  is  entitled  to  especial  commemoration  among 
the  Marylanders  who  dedicated  their  lives  and  energies 
to  the  cultivation  and  diffusion  of  literature.  No 
collected  edition  of  his  writings  has  been  published  and 
his  varied  contributions  must  be  gathered  from  jour 
nals  and  periodicals  ranging  through  a  long  and  un 
broken  series  of  years,  fruitful  in  prose  as  well  as 
in  the  sphere  of  the  drama  and  in  the  field  of  lyric 
poetry.  "Putnam's,"  "The  Galaxy,"  "Harper's,"  the 
"Southern  Magazine,"  "Sunday  Telegram,"  the 
"Baltimore  Evening  Bulletin,"  the  "New  York  Sun," 
the  "Baltimore  Sun,"  "Baltimore  American,"  the 
"New  York  Herald,"  all  attest  his  productive  faculty 
in  diverse  phases  of  thought,  practical  and  economic, 
as  well  as  those  which  are  associated  with  the 
aesthetic  and  intellectual  characteristics  that  are  re 
vealed  in  the  evolution  of  literature. 

The  versatile  nature  of  Mr.  Spencer'^  work  cannot 
fail  to  impress  even  a  casual  observer.  It  might  be 
said  of  him  with  hardly  a  touch  of  exaggeration  that 
he  attempted  nearly  every  form  of  literary  activity 
and  attempted  none  without  adorning  it.  His  con 
tributions  to  the  drama  alone  include  such  varied 
types  as  Kit,  the  Arkansas  Traveler,  Matcrnas,  Pork, 
a  comedy,  Three  Days  After  Date,  an  American 


'AUTHORS  OP  MARYLAND  61 

comedy  drama.  He  also  furnished  the  plot  for 
Oliver  Doud  Byron's  drama  Across  the  Continent. 
In  literature  as  applied  to  the  development  of  com 
merce  and  manufactures,  Mr.  Spencer's  power  of 
adaptation  was  not  infrequently  called  into  requis 
ition  and  the  same  faculty  asserted  itself  in  his  dis 
cussion  of  vital  political  issues,  such  as  the  admixture 
of  races  and  the  enlistment  of  negroes  in  the  South 
ern  army  during  the  Civil  War. 

The  Life  of  Senator  Thomas  F.  Bayard  was  pro 
duced  as  the  presidential  campaign  of  1880  was  in 
progress.  It  is  regarded  as  the  most  discriminating 
and  adequate  biography  of  this  accomplished  gentle 
man  and  statesman. 

Mr.  Spencer  is  seen  in  his  clearest  and  strongest 
light  in  the  capacity  of  critics,  not  of  literature  alone 
but  of  all  the  essential  problems  which  form  part  of 
the  complex  intellectual  development  of  the  modern 
world.  In  style  he  was  a  model  of  lucidity  and  sim 
plicity.  Few  Maryland  authors  of  any  period  have 
excelled  him  in  vigor  and  forcefulness  of  phrase. 


SPECIAL  WRITERS  OF   NOTE   IN   MARYLAND  DURING 
THE  MIDDLE  OF  THE  NINETEENTH  CENTURY. 


SIDNEY  LANIER 


CHAPTER  V 

SPECIAL  WRITERS   OF  NOTE  IN   MARYLAND  DURING 
THE  MIDDLE  OF  THE  NINETEENTH  CENTURY. 

In  the  sphere  of  fiction  and  the  drama  three  authors 
have  attained  in  the  literature  of  Maryland  an  almost 
undisputed  preeminence.  These  are  John  P.  Kennedy, 
George  H.  Miles  and  Mrs.  Anna  M.  Crane-See- 
muller.  Each  of  these  will  be  considered  in  the 
order  of  chronology. 

John  Pendleton  Kennedy  was  a  native  of  Balti 
more  (born  1795 — died  Newport,  R.  I.,  1870).  His 
claim  to  distinction  is  not  based  upon  his  achieve 
ments  as  a  novelist  alone  for  he  was  a  man  of  multi 
form  and  varying  activity,  social,  practical,  political, 
as  well  as  literary  and  educational.  He  was  the 
creative  and  shaping  spirit  that  designed  the  plan  in 
accordance  with  which  the  Peabody  Institute  was 
organized  and  was  one  of  its  original  board  of  trus 
tees.  In  addition  to  service  in  the  legislature  and  in 
Congress  he  was  Secretary  of  the  Navy  during  the 
closing  period  of  Fillmore's  administration,  from 
June,  1852,  to  March,  1853,  and  was  a  leading  in 
fluence  in  the  despatch  of  the  Perry  expedition  to 
Japan  in  November,  1852,  as  well  as  an  enthusiastic 
advocate  of  the  Lynch  expedition  to  Africa  and  that 


66  AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND 

of  Dr.  Kane  for  the  exploration  of  the  Arctic  regions. 

In  every  scheme  having  for  its  end  the  broadening 
of  the  bounds  of  culture  he  assumed  a  leading  and 
conspicuous  part.  His  generous  attitude  toward  men 
of  letters  was  illustrated  by  his  kindly  and  sympa 
thetic  relation  to  Poe  at  the  time  when  the  poet  was 
lamentably  in  need  of  such  a  benefactor. 

The  scope  of  Kennedy's  literary  productivity  is 
wide  and  far  ranging.  In  1818-19  appeared  Red 
Book,  a  social  satire  modeled  upon  the  style  of  the 
Addisonian  age  and  edited  by  Kennedy  in  connection 
with  Peter  Hoffman  Cruse.  In  1832  was  published 
Swallow  Barn,  a  novel  having  its  inspiration  and  its 
charm  in  Virginia  life.  Horse  Shoe  Robinson  fol 
lowed  in  1835,  a  tale  of  Tory  ascendancy  in  South 
Carolina;  Rob  of  the  Bozvl,  a  legend  of  St.  Inigoes, 
dates  from  1838;  Annals  of  Quodlibet  from  1849; 
Memoir  of  the  late  William  Wirt  was  issued  in  this 
same  year,  1849.  -^n  addition  there  were  his  Political 
Satires,  Official  Reports  and  Lectures  Delivered  on 
Public  Occasions. 

As  a  storyteller  and  romancer  Kennedy  stands  in 
the  foremost  file  of  American  writers.  The  charm 
of  Horse  Shoe  Robinson,  an  historical  character  and 
hero  of  the  Revolution,  with  whom  Kennedy  came  in 
contact  during  a  sojourn  in  South  Carolina,  in  1818, 
has  seldom  been  equalled  in  any  similar  phase  of  ro 
mantic  creation.  It  presents  a  grateful  contrast  to 
the  galvanized  caricatures  of  our  colonial  and  revolu 
tionary  life  which  mark  the  historical  novels  of  our 


AUTHORS  OR  MARYLAND  67 

own  day  that  have  striven  to  portray  and  reproduce 
the  period  that  Kennedy  has  invested  with  a  charm 
and  flavor  which  baffle  successful  imitation.  His  far- 
reaching  fascination  and  popularity  are  attested  by 
the  fact  that  at  least  one  of  his  novels  has  been 
translated  into  the  languages  of  Northern  Europe. 

Perhaps  the  appreciation  of  his  genius  which 
Kennedy  received  at  the  hands  of  Thackeray  may  be 
regarded  as  his  especial  crown  of  literary  glory. 
During  a  sojourn  in  Paris  he  and  the  English  novel 
ist  were  brought  into  cordial  relations.  "The  Vir 
ginians"  was  then  running  its  course  as  a  serial, 
1856-7,  and  the  printers  were  clamoring  for  addit 
ional  material.  A  new  chapter  was  urgently  called 
for. 

"I  wish  you  would  write  one  for  me,"  said 
Thackeray  to  Kennedy.  "Well,"  replied  Kennedy, 
"so  I  will,  if  you  will  give  me  the  plan  of  the  story." 

The  unique  distinction  of  having  written  the  fourth 
chapter  of  Volume  II,  in  some  editions,  Chapter  52, 
containing  the  account  of  Washington's  escape  from 
captivity  and  his  return  home  through  the  region  of 
Western  Maryland  in  which  Cumberland  is  now  situ 
ated,  belongs  to  Kennedy  alone.  Fortunate  was  the 
presence  of  such  an  ally,  as  the  physical  characteristics 
of  the  country  embraced  in  the  campaign  of  Brad- 
dock  were  at  the  command  of  Kennedy ;  to  Thackeray 
it  was  as  unrevealed  as  the  heart  of  some  untraversed 
continent.  The  critical  and  discerning  student  of 
literary  evolution  will  find  it  a  suggestive  and  not  un- 


68  AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND 

profitable  task  to  compare  the  style  of  this  chapter 
with  the  body  of  the  work  as  it  flowed  from  the  pen 
of  Thackeray. 

The  standard  life  of  Kennedy,  by  H.  T.  Tucker- 
man,  appeared  in  1871. 

In  the  foremost  ranks  of  Maryland  literature,  as 
dramatist,  lyrist,  as  well  as  critic  of  subtle  discern 
ment,  stands  the  name  of  George  Henry  Miles 
(born  in  Baltimore,  1824 — died  near  Emmitsburg, 
1871).  Like  Lowell  and  Timrod  he  was  designed  for 
the  bar  but  the  passion  for  letters  was  stronger  than 
the  love  of  Blackstone  and  he  passed  from  "the  dusty 
purlieus  of  the  law"  into  the  congenial  fellowship  of 
the  Muses.  He  became  professor  of  English  litera 
ture  in  his  own  college,  Mt.  St.  Mary's  at  Emmits 
burg,  one  of  the  leading  centers  of  Catholic  culture 
and  tradition  in  America.  In  European  lands  he  had 
traveled  widely  and  had  received  the  rich  inspiration 
which  springs  from  personal  contact  with  historic 
associations  and  memories  of  the  ages  that  have 
yielded  place  to  the  dominant  order  prevailing  in  our 
contemporary  world. 

Nature  had  bestowed  on  him  a  rich  lyric  faculty 
which  reveals  its  most  winning  aspect  in  his  Said  the 
Rose,  a  poem  which  does  not  lose  its  lustre  when  com 
pared  with  the  golden  flowers  of  Lovelace,  Carew, 
Suckling,  or  any  of  that  elect  company  which 
blossomed  into  light  during  the  first  decades  of  the 
seventeenth  century.  Nor  is  this  the  only  fragrant 


AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND  69 

offering  which  Miles  has  made  to  a  possible  anthology 
of  Maryland  song.  His  vein  was  varied  as  well  as 
affluent  but  none  of  his  fantasies  has  illustrated  his 
lyric  graces  in  more  winsome  and  abiding  form.  That 
some  of  his  characteristic  work  has  been  marred  by 
the  hand  of  the  literary  bigot  and  vandal  has  been 
pointed  out  by  Eugene  L.  Didier  in  his  comments 
upon  the  mutilation  of  Miles's  "Inkerman"  by  Churton 
Collins  under  the  inspiration  of  his  insular  prepos 
sessions  and  prejudices. 

Yet  the  lyric  phase  does  not  represent  the  full 
measure  of  Miles's  endowments  or  achievements.  His 
dramatic  gift  asserted  its  energy  in  a  series  of  plays 
embracing  the  historic  ages  as  well  as  the  vital  issues 
of  the  living  present.  Then,  too,  the  subtilizing  in 
tellect,  as  well  as  the  comprehensive  tenderness  of  the 
master  critic,  was  his  by  gift  of  God  and  as  the  out 
come  of  assiduous  culture.  This  is  amply  demon 
strated  in  his  Essay  on  Hamlet  and  in  the  fragment 
of  a  Discourse  upon  Macbeth,  the  sole  survival  of 
that  bodeful  day  on  which  his  malady  forever  brought 
to  a  close  his  illuminating  Shakespearean  labors. 
The  penetration  and  interpretative  faculty  displayed 
in  these  unfinished  ventures  in  the  sphere  of  criticism 
afford  no  imperfect  intimation  of  what  rich  results 
might  have  developed  under  auspicious  conditions 
and  amid  congenial  environments. 

In  addition  to  the  poems  which  appeared  in  the 
edition  of  1907,  Miles  entered  the  field  of  the  novelist 
as  well  as  the  dramatist.  The  accompanying  list 


70  AUTHORS  OF,  MARYLAND 

illustrates  at  a  glance  the  diversity  and  range  of  his 
work:  Poems;  Said  the  Rose  and  Other  Lyrics, 
1907;  Mohammed  or  the  Arabian  Prophet,  a  drama, 
1850;  Loretto  or  the  Choice,  a  novel;  Tlve  Truce  of 
God,  a  novel ;  The  Governess,  a  novel ;  Senor  l/alcnte, 
a  play,  1859;  De  Soto,  a  play,  1857;  Mary's  Birth 
day,  a  comedy,  1857;  The  Seven  Sisters,  1861,  a  play 
symbolical  of  the  seven  States  which  formed  the 
original  Southern  Confederacy;  Michael  di  Lando, 
Gonfalonier  of  Florence,  Miles'  first  play;  Bright 
and  Bloom,  a  comedy,  which  proved  a  rare  success 
upon  the  stage  as  did  The  Seven  Sisters;  Senor 
Valente  and  Mary's  Birthday;  Abou  Hassan  the 
Wag,  a  musical  burlesque  from  "The  Arabian 
Nights";  The  Maid  of  Mayence,  a  marked  success; 
Behind  the  Scenes,  or  The  Girl  of  the  Period,  a 
comedy;  The  Picture  of  Innocence,  a  farce;  Afraya 
the  Sorcerer,  a  tragedy;  The  Parish  Clerk;  Emily 
Chester,  a  dramatic  adaptation  of  Miss  Crane's  suc 
cessful  novel;  Love  and  Honor,  a  play  from  the 
French  of  Emile  Girardin;  The  Old  Curiosity  Shop, 
a  play  deriving  its  inspiration  from  Dickens ;  a  five- 
act  tragedy,  Thiodolf  the  Icelander,  suggested  by  La 
Motte  Fouque's  novel  bearing  the  same  title. 

In  the  judgment  of  his  discerning  critics  Miles' 
Aladdin's  Palace,  inspired  by  the  fiftieth  anniversary 
of  the  foundation  of  his  college,  1858;  his  God  Save 
the  South,  Said  the  Rose  and  Where  Is  the  Freeman 
Found,  must  be  accorded  the  foremost  rank  among 
his  non-dramatic  creations.  The  versatility  of  his 


AUTHORS  OP]  MARYLAND  71 

genius  as  lyrist,  dramatist,  critic,  the  genuine  fervor 
and  rhythmic  sweetness  that  in  so  large  a  measure 
are  characteristic  of  his  art,  assure  him  an  abiding 
place  among  the  truly  representative  authors  of 
Maryland  and  the  South. 

No  inconsiderable  part  of  the  literary  activity  of 
Maryland  during  the  last  fifty  years  has  found  ex 
pression  in  the  work  of  women  writers.  The  general 
comment  holds  good  in  the  sphere  of  fiction,  poetry, 
historic  research,  and  even  in  the  field  of  critical 
scholarship.  A  special  place  has  been  assigned  to 
Mrs.  Welby  (born  1819 — died  1852)  on  account  of 
her  chronological  priority  in  the  literary  development 
of  the  State  in  so  far  as  it  has  been  accomplished  by 
the  inspiration  and  the  energy  of  her  own  sex.  Mrs. 
Anne  M.  Crane-Seemuller  (born  1838 — died  1872)- 
achieved  at  an  early  age  so  brilliant  and  phenomenal 
a  success  in  the  exercise  of  her  gifts  as  a  novelist 
that  it  secures  for  her  an  especial  rank  and  recog 
nition  among  the  representative  authors  of  her  time. 
As  tthis  history  approaches  the  closing  decades  of  the 
last  century  and  broadens  toward  the  new  era,  still  in 
its  period  of  dawn,  at  least  one  chapter  will  be  de 
voted  exclusively  to  the  women  writers  of  Maryland, 
now  living  and  pursuing  their  high  calling,  and  to 
those  who  have  passed  from  the  stage  within  recent 
memory. 

A  review  such  as  is  contemplated  will  reveal  a 
wealth  of  literary  attainment,  enterprise  and  cre 
ativity  in  diverse  fields,  in  regard  to  which  no  just 
appreciation  or  even  apprehension  exists. 


72  AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND 

Mrs.     Anne      Moncure      Crane-Seemuller      was 

born  in  Baltimore  and  died  in  Stuttgart,  Germany. 
She  was  a  novelist  of  rare  originality  of  conception 
and  endowed  in  an  abundant  measure  with  the  peril 
ous  gift  of  satire.  In  more  than  one  of  her  stories 
she  held  the  mirror  up  to  nature  and  revealed  in  clear, 
fierce  light  the  frailties  and  follies  of  the  world  of 
fashion.  Her  most  notable  work,  Emily  Chester, 
appeared  in  1864,  without  the  name  of  the  author, 
and  from  the  first  it  attained  a  brilliant  and  assured 
success.  The  publishers  were  scarcely  able  to  supply 
the  demand.  More  than  this,  four  editions  were 
issued  by  leading  English  publishers  and  the  story 
was  translated  into  German,  meeting  a  cordial  re 
ception  in  the  cultured  and  appreciative  circles  of  the 
European  world.  The  novel  was  dramatized  by 
George  H.  Miles  and  won  new  fame  by  presentation 
upon  the  stage,  exceeding  the  most  sanguine  hopes 
of  the  author  as  well  as  the  adapter.  The  entire 
chorus  of  reviewers,  including  names  of  eminence, 
were  enthusiastic  and  almost  untempered  in  their 
praise.  Probably  no  book  ever  written  by  a  Mary 
land  woman  met  with  speedier  and  more  marked  suc 
cess.  To  a  certain  extent  the  work  was  auto 
biographical  in  character,  it  being  an  article  in  Miss 
Crane's  literary  creed  that  a  novel  is  effective  just  in 
so  far  as  the  elements  of  autobiography  enters  into  its- 
creation.  She  wrote,  as  it  were,  by  inspiration,  and 
was  fond  of  quoting,  with  all  reverence,  the  words 
of  the  beloved  disciple,  "the  angel  said  unto  me, 
'Write/  and  I  wrote/'  as  the  only  explanation  she 


AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND  73 

could  suggest  for  the  mystery  of  her  rich  creative 
faculty. 

Miss  Crane's  reputation  was  securely  established 
by  the  unique  success  of  Emily  Chester.  As  a  result 
she  was  solicited  for  contributions  by  the  leading 
periodicals  and  article  followed  article,  poem  suc 
ceeded  poem,  in  swift  and  almost  ceaseless  outflow — 
verse  and  prose.  In  1867  her  second  novel,  Oppor 
tunity,  made  its  appearance.  It  displayed  a  finer 
grasp  of  her  art  than  the  preceding  work  and  was 
received  in  all  directions  with  enthusiastic  praise. 

In  April,  1871,  Miss  Crane,  now  Mrs.  Augustus 
Seemuller  of  New  York,  having  been  married  in 
1869,  published  her  third  and  last  novel,  Reginald 
Archer.  It  was  a  portrayal  of  the  vices  and  follies 
that  prevail  in  the  world  of  fashion  and  elicited  much 
hostile  comment,  for  such  is  the  inevitable  fate  of  the 
author  who  converts  his  art  into  a  didactic  agent  or 
an  instrument  of  moral  reform. 

Miss  Crane  was  richly  endowed  with  grace  and 
charm  of  manner.  Charles  Dickens,  who  came  in 
contact  with  her  in  Baltimore  in  1868,  pronounced 
her  the  most  fascinating  woman  he  had  met  in  Amer 
ica  and  bestowed  upon  her  a  special  mark  of  favor 
and  regard.  "Her  leaf  has  perished  in  the  green," 
yet  no  record  of  literary  achievement  in  so  brief  a 
period  is  riper  in  rich  and  assured  result.  An  ad 
mirable  tribute  to  Miss  Crane,  just,  discriminating, 
comprehensive,  was  written  for  "The  Galaxy,"  not 
long  after  her  death,  by  Eugene  L.  Didier  of  Balti 
more. 


74  AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND 

One  of  the  most  eminent  names  associated  with  the 
intellectual  development  of  Maryland  is  that  of 
Samuel  Tyler,  LL.D.  (born  1809— died  1878),  a 
native  of  Prince  George  county.  He  was  a  resident 
of  Frederick,  Md.,  and  of  Georgetown,  D.  C.,  and  by 
profession;  both  lawyer  and  author,  devoting  his 
energies  and  rich  acquirements  to  literature  and 
philosophy  as  well  as  the  science  of  jurisprudence. 
For  many  years  he  was  associated  with  the  legal  de 
partment  of  Columbian,  now  George  Washington 
University,  Washington,  D.  C.  Among  his  friends 
and  correspondents  may  be  named  such  lights  of  the 
intellectual  world  as  Sir  William  Hamilton,  George 
Frederick  Holmes,  Dr.  James  H.  Thornwell.  Sir 
William  expressed  a  hope  that  Dr.  Tyler  would 
abandon  the  profession  of  the  law  and  concentrate  his 
genius  exclusively  upon  the  pursuit  of  philosophy. 
The  comprehensive  character  of  his  attainments  may 
be  inferred  from  the  range  and  diversity  of  his  pub 
lished  works :  Robert  Burns  as  a  Poet  and  as  a  Man, 
1848 ;  The  Progress  of  Philosophy  in  the  Past  and  in 
the  Future,  1858-1868;  Memoir  of  Roger  Brooke 
Taney,  1872 ;  The  Theory  of  the  Beautiful  and  a  Dis 
course  on  the  Baconian  Philosophy,  1844-1846. 

To  the  student  of  the  literature  of  Maryland  and, 
above  all,  to  the  student  of  legal  development,  the 
Memoir  of  Roger  B.  Taney  will  be  regarded  as  the 
most  attractive  and  inspiring  of  all  the  works  of 
Dr.  Tyler.  The  especial  charm  of  the  book  is  in 
large  measure  to  be  attributed  to  the  autobiographical 
sketch  of  the  great  Chief  Justice  which  introduces  it, 


AUTHORS  OF,  MARYLAND  75 

his  comments  upon  his  contemporaries,  Luther 
Martin  and  William  Pinkney,  his  keen  and  pene 
trating  judgments,  discriminating  and  finely  tempered 
estimates  of  men  in  his  own  high  sphere,  names  to 
conjure  with  in  the  history  of  the  law.  In  richness 
of  revelation  and  power  of  portrayal  it  may  claim 
rank  with  such  a  work  as  Atlee's  "Victorian 
Chancellors." 

That  the  foremost  representative  authors  associ 
ated  with  the  history  of  literary  development  in 
Maryland  are  entitled  to  special  consideration  in  a 
work  devoted  to  the  subject  will  be  readily  conceded. 
Ampler  treatment,  therefore,  has  been  accorded  to 
Poe,  Lanier,  and  Randall. 

Sidney  Lanier  (born  February  3rd,  1842 — died 
September  7th,  1881)  was  a  native  of  Macon,  Ga.  He 
died  in  western  North  Carolina  and  is  buried  in 
the  Turnbull  family  lot  in  Greenmount  Cemetery, 
Baltimore.  He  saw  service  in  the  Confederate 
army  and  was  the  fellow  prisoner  of  Father  Tabb  at 
Point  Lookout.  The  last  seven  years  of  his  life, 
1873-1881,  were  passed  principally  in  Baltimore. 
His  professional  career  was  an  unresting  struggle 
against  adverse  conditions,  disease,  lack  of  appreci 
ation,  and  want  of  material  resources,  all  of  which  he 
endured  with  heroic  constancy.  In  his  invincible  de 
votion  to  his  ideals  he  may  be  regarded  as  the  "Childe 
Roland"  of  Southern  literature.  No  more  marked 
and  impressive  tribute  illustrates  the  purity  of  his 
nature  and  the  nobility  of  his  character  than  the 


76  AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND 

significant  fact  that  in  an  age  in  which  iconoclasm 
and  irreverence  form  part  of  our  daily  routine  of 
novelty  and  sensation  no  finger  has  at  any  time  been 
lifted  against  Lanier,  living  or  dead.  In  the  guild  of 
poets  he  wears  his  white  flower,  pure  as  snow,  chaste 
as  ice,  untouched  by  calumny. 

That  he  must  be  accorded  a  place  among  the  fore 
most  names  in  American  literature  there  can  be  no 
rational  doubt.  He  was  endowed  with  a  musical 
faculty  as  far  reaching  as  it  was  wonderful,  and  at 
the  time  of  his  death  he  had  no  peer  perhaps  in  the 
world,  as  lord  of  the  flute,  which  in  his  hands  was  as 
the  wand  of  the  magician.  His  combination  of  the 
musical  with  the  poetical  gift  is  even  more  impressive 
as  illustrating  the  versatility  of  his  intellect  than 
Rossetti's  blending  of  the  power  of  the  artist  in  rime 
with  the  grace  and  skill  of  the  Pre-Raphaelite  in  the 
sphere  of  the  painter.  His  theory  of  the  unity  or 
identity  of  music  and  verse  has  evoked  hostile  criti 
cism  and  arrayed  a  school  of  antagonists,  but  his 
views  as  embodied  in  his  Science  of  Verse  are  rich  in 
suggestion,  and  keenness  of  analysis,  and  though  as 
sailed  with  aggressive  energy,  they  have  never  been 
controverted. 

He  who  has  given  his  days  to  the  study  of  "A 
Grammarian's  Funeral"  by  that  subtlest  assertor  of 
the  soul  in  song,  Robert  Browning,  will  read,  as  his 
vision  broadens  to  the  truth,  an  unconscious  prophecy 
of  our  knightliest  artist  in  the  realms  of  verse.  The 
mysterious  harmony  that  linked  into  unity  music  and 
poesy  formed  the  vital  principle  of  his  creed.  To 


AUTHORS  OF.   MARYLAND  77 

those  who  can  recall  in  the  retrospect  of  vanished 
years  the  pallid  features  of  Lanier  as  he  sat  at  his 
desk  in  the  Peabody  library,  he  seemed  to  have  passed 
out  of  space,  out  of  time,  "voyaging  through  strange, 
seas  of  thought  alone."  During  his  last  series  of  lec 
tures,  18801881,  as  he  withstood  the  assaults  of  his 
immitigable  enemy  with  ideal  constancy,  it  was  almost 
possible  to  see  "the  god  within  him  light  his  face." 
He  was  traveling  the  "via  dolorosa"  trod  by  all  in 
spired  masters  but  the  laurel  crown  was  waiting  him 
on  the  shining  heights,  though  dimly  descried  even  by 
the  eye  of  faith. 

Great  as  is  Lanier,  poet  and  lord  of  the  domain  of 
music,  Lanier  the  critic  may  be  regarded  as  even 
greater.  Let  him  who  cavils  at  this  judgment  devote 
himself  to  the  last  work  given  by  Lanier  to  the  world, 
Shakespeare  and  His  'Forerunners,  not  published  until 
1902,  more  than  twenty  years  after  the  author  had 
passed  into  rest.  The  literature  of  the  modern  world 
has  rarely  heralded  a  work  richer  in  suggestion,  more 
affluent  in  the  elements  that  make  for  the  noblest  in 
spiration.  The  viewless  arrows  of  his  thought  were 
touched  and  winged  with  flame. 

In  modern  literature  there  are  few  more  finely 
wrought  critical  deliverances  than  Lanier's  comments 
upon  Shakespeare's  poem  "The  Phenix  and  the 
Turtle."  It  should  form  one  of  the  choicest  flowers 
in  an  ideal  anthology  of  contemporary  criticism.  The 
creative  faculty  asserted  itself  in  all  that  Lanier  ac 
complished  in  the  field  of  critical  procedure;  the 
fusion  was  as  rare  as  it  is  remarkable.  No  one  of 


78  AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND 

the  long  array  of  commentators  that  preceded  him 
had  unveiled  the  subtle  grace  of  thought  which 
envelop  this  lyric  essay  of  Shakespeare's  dawning 
manhood.  The  poem  is  cast  in  that  same  riming 
form  which  more  than  two  centuries  later  was  to  as 
sure  its  immortality  as  the  mould  in  which  was  set 
the  sovereign  elegy  of  our  language,  Tennyson's  "In 
Memoriam."  The  work  is  radiant  with  the  genius  of 
its  author.  From  point  to  point  it  breaks  into  flashes 
of  golden  light.  Epigrams,  terse,  trenchant,  fraught 
with  divination  and  tipped  with  fire,  confront  the 
reader  at  every  stage.  Nor  does  all  that  has  been 
said  in  its  praise  exhaust  the  wealth  and  exhiliarating 
power  of  this  wonderful  book. 

Lanier  was  lord  of  the  crisp  and  bristling  phrase. 
Take,  as  illustrations,  his  "dicta"  in  reference  to  the 
character  of  Elizabethan  English,  as  revealed  in  the 
vocabulary  of  Shakespeare. 

It  is  an  inspiration,  even  to  the  non-musical  in 
tellect,  to  trace  Lanier's  theory  of  the  relation  of  his 
cherished  science  to  the  art  of  poetry,  as  it  manifests 
its  power  in  every  phase  of  his  creation  in  verse. 
However  simple  this  theme  the  omnipresent  musical 
vision  reveals  its  energy  and  asserts  itself  as  a  shaping 
force.  Select  at  random  Lanier's  Opposition  which 
was  a  light  at  eventide,  1879-80,  for  long  before  the 
shades  had  begun  to  gather  about  him.  Perhaps, 
more  wonderful  than  all  in  range  and  subtle  divina 
tion,  is  the  poem  to  Beethoven.  Nor  is  this  the  end, 
for  in  the  lines  to  Nannette  Falk-Auerbach  the  spell 
of  Beethoven  is  laid  upon  him  once  more  and  he 


AUTHORS  OB  MARYLAND  79 

breaks  into  a  tribute  to  this  lord  of  tone  as  rich,  as 
satisfying,  as  the  symphonies  of  the  master.  Apart 
from  its  musical  charm  the  poem  is  one  of  Lanier's 
most  successful  ventures  in  the  field  of  the  sonnet, 
though  not  constructed  in  strict  accord  with  the 
classic  model. 

That  the  psychology  of  dreams  should  have  pos 
sessed  for  Lanier  a  resistless  fascination,  in  accord 
with  the  master  spirits  of  his  art  in  all  ages,  will  excite 
no  surprise.  The  Harlequin  of  Dreams  should  be 
read  in  connection  with  Henry  Vaughn's  "Beyond 
the  Veil/'  and  with  Timrod's  "Dreams,"  those  two 
masterful  excursions  into  the  shadowy  land  of  fan 
tasy.  In  those  phases  of  his  art  which  may  be  de 
scribed  as  ceremonial,  the  functions  attending  them, 
in  a  measure  resembling  those  of  a  poet-laureate, 
Lanier  at  times  was  marked  by  the  rarest  grace  of 
utterance  and  by  an  adaptation  to  times  and  occasions 
as  felicitous  as  they  were  unwonted.  Notably  does 
this  hold  good  of  his  blending  of  skill  and  tactfulness, 
of  sweetness  and  light,  in  his  Ode  to  the  Johns  Hop 
kins  University,  February  22nd,  1880.  Never  has  a 
nobler  ideal  been  set  before  the  eyes  of  a  dawning 
center  of  the  higher  intellectual  culture.  The  ode  is 
strewn  with  the  diamond  dust  of  rhetorical  brilliance, 
linked  with  the  purest  wisdom  and  most  catholic 
philosophy  of  higher  education.  In  clearness  of  aim 
it  stands  by  the  side  of  Milton's  memorable  definition ; 
as  a  philosophic  exposition  it  may  claim  to  rank  with 
Newman's  "Idea  of  a  University."  The  genius  of 
Lanier  not  only  adorned  but  illumined  whatever  it 


8o  AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND 

touched.  In  its  peculiar  kind  nothing  can  be  con 
ceived  of,  in  felicity  of  rhetoric  or  penetration  of 
thought,  surpassing  the  lines  which  define  the  literary 
aim  and  function  of  an  institution,  whose  dream  of 
achievement  was  beginning  to  blossom  into  fixed  re 
solve  and  definite  purpose — -"Bring  Shakespeare  back, 
a  man  and  not  a  name,"  etc. 

No  work  that  Lanier  has  produced  is  touched  by  a 
finer  vein  of  humor,  blending  with  rich  .and  clear  dis 
cernment,  than  The  Crystal.  It  is,  indeed,  like 
Browning's  magic  ball,  in  which  all  the  glories  of 
Florence  pass  before  the  eye  in  purest  light.  The 
sovereigns  of  song  move  in  long  array  from  "Father 
Homer"  to  Tennyson.  Each  is  illumined  with  a  pen 
of  fire  but  foibles  and  frailties  are  held  up  to  nature 
with  no  trace  of  vindictive  aim  or  even  fleeting  malice. 
It  suggests  the  craft  of  some  genial  Puck  who  had 
absorbed  for  the  time  the  brain  and  art  of  Sidney 
Lanier. 

The  burden  of  the  mystery  of  his  theory  in  regard 
to  the  relation  of  music  to  verse  rests  too  heavily  upon 
his  art  to  render  it  intelligible  or  enjoyable  by  the  or 
dinary  intellect.  For  him,  poetry  formally  contem 
plated  existed  not  in  dactyls  or  spondees,  in  the  iambus 
or  the  trochee,  but  in  terms  of  musical  notation. 

'The  beauty  of  holiness"  was  one  of  the  phrases  of 
the  Psalmist  upon  which  he  dwelt  with  increasing  de 
light.  In  its  inverted  form  it  was  almost  equally  sug 
gestive,  for  with  Lanier  as  with  Keats,  truth  was 
beauty  and  beauty  was  truth.  Yet  his  art  was  un- 
marred  by  a  prosaic  didacticism.  He  stands  face  to 


AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND  81 

face  with  the  truth  but  patience  is  not  compelled  to 
have  her  perfect  work  in  moral  essay,  in  parable  or 
homily.  The  aesthetic  creed  of  Lanier  is  summed  up 
in  his  memorable  words  uttered  at  the  Johns  Hopkins 
University  at  a  time  when  his  conflict  with  the  last 
enemy  was  fast  tending  to  its  final  stage.  No  nobler 
deliverance  ever  fell  from  the  lips  of  Ruskin  or  any: 
of  the  sages  who  have  unfolded  the  mystery  of  the 
kingdom  of  art.  In  this  valediction,  as  it  were,  the 
artistic  world  suffers  violence  and  our  master  takes  it 
by  force.  The  vision  was  moving  toward  accom 
plished  result.  His  spirit  rose  from  high  to  higher,  as 
the  soaring  altar  fire  mounts  heavenward  or  as  the 
lighter  and  sublimated  elements  pass  through  the  gross 
and  earthly  envisagement  into  a  finer  and  purer 
atmosphere  of  their  own.  A  double  portion  of  the 
divine  spirit  fell  upon  the  poet  as  he  set  forth  in  words 
of  gold  the  sacred  mission  of  his  adored  art. 

Says  Lanier :  "Let  any  sculptor  hew  us  out  the 
most  ravishing  combination  of  tender  curves  and 
spheric  softness  that  ever  stood  for  woman;  yet  if  the 
brow  be  insincere  or  in  the  minutest  particular,  the 
physical  beauty  suggest  a  moral  ugliness,  that  sculptor, 
unless  he  be  portraying  a  moral  ugliness  for  a  moral 
purpose,  may  as  well  give  over  his  marble  for  paving 
stones.  Time,  whose  judgments  are  inexorably  moral, 
will  not  accept  his  work.  For,  indeed,  we  may  say  that 
he  who  has  not  yet  perceived  how  artistic  beauty  and 
moral  beauty  are  convergent  lines  which  run  back  into 
a  common  ideal  origin,  and  who  is  therefore  not  afire 
with  moral  beauty  just  as  with  artistic  beauty ;  that  he, 


82  AUTHORS  OR  MARYLAND 

in  short,  who  has  not  come  to  that  stage  of  quiet  and 
eternal  frenzy  in  which  the  beauty  of  holiness  and  the 
holiness  of  beauty  mean  one  thing,  burn  as  one  fire, 
shine  as  one  light  within  him ;  he  is  not  yet  the  great 
artist." 

In  recurring  to  the  same  theme,  he  breaks  into  a 
discourse  rich  in  the  charm  of  golden  phrase,  mellowed 
by  the  rarest  moral  sanity  and  the  broadest  range  of 
philosophic  wisdom:  "Can  not  one  say  with  authority 
to  the  young  artist,  whether  working  in  stone,  in  color, 
in  tones  or  in  character  forms  of  the  novel :  So  far 
from  dreading  that  your  moral  purpose  will  interfere 
with  your  beautiful  creating,  go  forward  in  the  clear 
conviction  that  unless  you  are  suffused — soul  and  body, 
one  might  say — with  that  moral  purpose  which  finds 
its  largest  expression  in  love,  that  is,  the  love  of  all 
things  in  their  proper  relation,  unless  you  are  so  suf 
fused  with  this  love,  do  not  dare  to  meddle  with  beauty ; 
unless  you  are  suffused  with  beauty  do  not  dare  to 
meddle  with  love;  unless  you  are  suffused  with  truth 
do  not  dare  to  meddle  with  goodness ;  in  a  word,  un 
less  you  are  suffused  with  truth,  wisdom,  goodness 
and  love,  abandon  the  hope  that  the  ages  will  accept 
you  as  an  artist.'* 

In  the  contemplation  of  such  a  character  slander  is 
disarmed, 

"Nor  dared  the  serpent  at  his  side 
To  flicker  with  his  double  tongue/' 

His  sense  of  reverence  for  the  ideal  purity  illus 
trated  in  the  Southern  woman,  enters  into  his  creed  as 


AUTHORS  OF,  MARYLAND  83 

a  vital  inspiration.  Foremost  among  the  flowers  of  song 
that  burst  into  light  under  this  ennobling  influence  may 
be  cited  My  Springs,  which  finds  its  converse  in  No. 
38  of  Mrs.  Browning's  " Sonnets  from  the  Portuguese." 
The  poem  is  its  own  interpreter,  as  the  "Springs"  are 
the  eyes  of  his  wife.  The  witchery  of  woman's  eyes 
is  an  ancient  theme  with  the  masters  of  song  but  none 
of  those  who  have  glorified  its  charm,  or  done  homage 
to  its  power,  have  reached  a  height  so  rare  and  pure 
as  this  poet  of  the  South.  The  poem,  with  its  Shakes 
pearean  reminiscence  of  the  "dying  violet  breath,"  is 
unique  in  tone  and  touch ;  not  one  in  all  the  starry  com 
pany  could  have  fused  love,  pure  and  sanctified,  into 
so  rich  and  ethereal  a  harmony. 

None  of  Lanier's  creations  presents  him  in  more  at 
tractive  form  than  the  lament  upon  the  death  of 
Bayard  Taylor,  1879.  As  a  master  of  elegy  he  stands 
in  the  forefront  with  those  who  have  given  the  notes 
to  glory  in  "Lycidas,"  "Thyrsis"  and  "In  Memoriam." 

The  inspiration  of  Lanier's  Song  of  the  Chatta- 
hoochee  has  been  more  than  once  traced  to  Tennyson's 
"Brook."  Yet  imitation  is  not  the  badge  of  the  typical 
poet  of  the  South,  from  Poe  to  Lanier,  from  Timrod 
to  Randall.  Not  one  of  them  was  a  mere  echoist  or 
even  a  blind  devotee  of  heredity  in  his  art.  With  equal 
discrimination  Lanier's  poem  might  derive  from 
Southey's  "Cataract  of  Lodore."  Bold  and  untem- 
pered  as  the  statement  may  appear  the  work  of  Lanier 
is  marked  by  an  originality  of  aim  and  execution 
scarcely  less  significant  than  that  of  Poe. 

Rich  in  far  reaching  thought,  tracking  suggestion  to 


84  AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND 

her  inmost  cell,  are  the  judgments  of  Lanier  upon  his 
contemporaries  in  the  sphere  of  poetry.  The  first  is 
his  estimate  of  Whitman:  " Whitman  is  poetry's 
butcher.  Huge  raw  collops  slashed  from  the  rump  of 
poetry  and  never  mind  gristle — is  what  Whitman  feeds 
our  souls  with."  Again :  "As  near  as  I  can  make  it 
out  Whitman's  argument  seems  to  be  that  because  a 
prairie  is  wide  therefore  debauchery  is  admirable,  and 
because  the  Mississippi  is  long  therefore  every  Amer 
ican  is  a  God." 

Of  Swinburne  he  says :  "He  invited  me  to  eat ;  the 
service  was  silver  and  gold,  but  no  food  therein  save 
pepper  and  salt." 

Then  the  image  of  William  Morris  passes  before  us : 
"He  caught  a  crystal  cupful  of  the  yellow  light  of  sun 
set  and,  persuading  himself  to  dream  it  wine,  drank  it 
with  a  sort  of  smile." 

Perhaps  no  one  of  his  conceptions  is  wrought  into 
riper  melody  than  in  his  poem  Corn.  Unpoetic  as  the 
subject  may  seem  the  prosaic  grain  is  etherealized  into 
a  vision  of  beauty  fraught  with  grave  lessons  and 
wisdom.  As  an  illustration  of  the  process  of  reason 
ing  in  verse  it  might  take  rank  with  Dryden,  to  whom 
Lanier  reveals  a  likeness  at  other  points  than  the  one 
indicated.  Some  of  the  noblest  purple  patches  woven 
by  Lanier  into  the  texture  of  our  tongue  may  be  traced 
to  this  poem;  the  metaphoric  art  has  rarely  been 
equalled,  even  by  the  lords  of  golden  rhetoric. 

There  has  not  appeared  in  contemporary  times  a 
more  fascinating  theme  for  the  master  of  the  elegy 
than  Lanier.  Another  "Adonais"  or  "Thyrsis"  may 


AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND  85 

yet  emerge  to  idealize  without  overdrawing  the  win 
some  and  resistless  elements  that  were  illustrated  in 
his  harmoniously  blended  character — the  mingling  of 
sweetness  and  light  with  vigor  of  mind  and  untamable 
fortitude  of  soul.  Here,  if  ever  in  literary  annals,  are 
concretely  portrayed  the  sublime  mildness  and  "the 
spirit  without  spot,"  the  shaping  faculty  of  imagination 
with  the  finely  touched  genius  of  analysis  that  tempers 
the  exuberance  of  the  creative  power  and  subdues  it 
to  conformity  with  the  grace  and  the  chasteness  of 
overmastering  art. 

The  range  and  richness  of  Lanier's  poetry  has  not 
been  exhausted.  One  extract  or  specimen  merely 
quickens  the  appetite.  It  does  not  pall  or  wither. 
Subtle  and  recondite  as  he  is  no  critic  surpasses  Lanier 
in  power  of  suggestion.  One  is  analyzing  as  he  reads, 
interpreting  as  he  passes  from  point  to  point.  He 
halts  to  investigate  and  pauses  to  evolve  the  latent  sig 
nificance  implicit  in  the  phrase.  In  this  regard  he  at 
times  recalls  Browning.  Yet  Lanier  is  never  wantonly 
obscure  or  enigmatic.  The  sometime  lack  of  clearness 
is  not  the  outcome  of  artistic  abandon  or  recklessness. 
Nor  does  it  proceed,  as  with  Browning,  from  an  over 
flow  of  vocabulary,  a  simple  exuberance  of  words.  The 
strong  metaphysical  strain  in  his  nature  and  the  con 
stant  endeavor  to  illustrate  his  basal  theory  of  the 
identity  of  music  and  verse,  are  sufficient  to  account 
for  the  seeming  cloud  that  interposes  between  the  mind 
of  the  author  and  the  apprehension  of  the  reader. 

Still,  with  all  his  rare  and  radiant  gifts  in  the  sphere 
of  poetry  the  student  inclines  to  the  conviction  that  his 


86  AUTHORS  OF,  MARYLAND 

fame  will  abide  most  securely  upon  his  achievements  in 
the  field  of  criticism.  His  mind  was  of  that  germina 
ting,  inspiring  type,  which  at  times  calls  back  the 
image  of  Coleridge.  It  may  be  fairly  claimed  that 
Lanier  has  set  up  an  unattainable  standard,  enunciated 
an  impossible  ideal.  The  patterns  of  things  in  the 
heavens  were  his  types  and  his  exemplars.  His  con 
ception  of  beauty  was  rather  the  Platonic  vision — the 
divine  breaking  through  the  human.  He  would  have 
found  its  most  perfect  expression  in  the  transfigura 
tion  of  his  Crystal — the  Christ — 

"In  loveliness  of  perfect  deeds 
More  strong  than  all  poetic  thought." 

Despite  the  unrealizable  character  of  his  aesthetic 
standard,  no  man  ever  more  nearly  approached  its  il 
lustration  and  illumination  in  life  and  experience  than 
Lanier.  His  artistic  dream  was  almost  an  allegory  or 
parable  of  himself.  With  human  hands  he  wrought 
and  exemplified  this  creed  of  creeds,  this  confession  of 
faith  for  the  framer  of  speech,  the  artificer  in  brass  or 
marble,  the  fashioner  of  symphonies  and  harmonies, 
for  the  sculptor  who  discerned  the  angel  in  the  block, 
the  musician  that  reared  a  palace  of  sound  to  which  the 
heavens  descended  in  adoration,  the  lords  of  the  pencil 
and  brush,  infusing  into  the  canvas  some  inexplicable 
but  invincible  radiance,  the  overflow  or  impartation  of 
the  divine  spirit,  when  God  and  nature  meet  in 
light.  That  the  fame  of  Lanier  will  ripen  with 
the  increasing  years,  as  that  of  Poe  has  done  in  so 
marked  and  brilliant  a  measure,  admits  of  no  rational 


AUTHORS  OB  MARYLAND  87 

question.  The  process  has  already  begun,  the  wave  is 
setting  across  the  sea.  It  is  but  the  dawn  of  his  day. 
A  nature  so  eminently  catholic,  untouched  by  the  sec 
tarian  taint  or  the  note  of  provinciality,  with  a  faculty 
of  assimilation  Shakesperean  in  its  range,  will  broaden 
from  more  to  more  in  the  light  of  the  unrevealed  ages. 
''Fame  is  no  plant  that  grows  on  mortal  soil,"  and  the 
divine  arbitrament  will  accord  to  Lanier  a  place  among 
those  ethereal  spirits  who  stand  first  by  the  throne  in 
the  brightest  heaven  of  song. 

The  life  of  Lanier  has  been  written  by  Dr.  Edward 
Mims  of  North  Carolina,  1905.  The  following  list 
includes  all  his  characteristic  works :  Poems,  edited 
by  his  wife,  with  a  memorial  by  William  Hayes  Ward, 
1890;  The  Science  of  English  Verse,  1880;  The  Eng-\ 
lish  Novel  and  the  Principle  of  its  Development,  1883  ; 
The  Boy's  Froissart,  1878;  The  Boy's  King  Arthur, 
1880;  Knightly  Legends  of  Wales,  1881 ;  The  Boy's 
Percy,  1882;  Tiger-Lilies,  1867;  The  Lanier  Book; 
Selections  in  Prose  and  Verse;  Retrospects  and  Pros 
pects;  The  Centennial  Meditation  of  Columbus; 
Shakespeare  and  His  Forerunners,  1902;  Letters  of 
Sidney  Lanier,  1899. 

An  admirable  Lanier  bibliography,  the  work  of  Pro 
fessor  George  S.  Wills  of  Baltimore,  may  be  found  in 
the  "Publications  of  the  Southern  History  Associ 
ation,"  for  July,  1899.  Professor  Wills  has  covered 
the  ground  with  the  utmost  care  and  minuteness  of  de 
tail  and  his  labors  are  worthy  of  the  strongest  com 
mendation  from  all  lovers  and  students  of  Lanier. 


vi 

REPRESENTATIVE  MARYLAND  AUTHORS  TO  THE  CLOSE 
OF  THE  NINETEENTH  CENTURY. 


CHAPTER   VI 

REPRESENTATIVE  MARYLAND  AUTHORS  TO  THE  CLOSE 
OF  THE  NINETEENTH  CENTURY. 

The  closing  period  of  the  nineteenth  century  was 
productive  in  more  than  one  sphere  of  activity  in 
Maryland.  Colonel  William  Allan  (born  1837 — 
died  1889),  a  native  of  Virginia,  falls  properly  within 
its  limits  and  is  entitled  to  special  recognition  by 
reason  of  his  eminent  services  to  the  development  of 
education  in  Maryland  as  well  as  his  valuable  con 
tributions  to  military  history.  He  won  distinguished 
rank  in  the  Confederate  army  and  enjoyed  the  marked 
confidence  of  General  Robert  E.  Lee.  At  the  close  of 
the  War  between  the  States  he  became  professor  in 
Washington  College,  now  Washington  and  Lee  Uni 
versity.  In  1873  he  was  elected  first  principal  of  the 
McDonogh  School,  near  Baltimore,  and  by  his  skill 
in  organization  and  administration  advanced  it  to  the 
highest  standard  of  efficiency. 

In  1880  he  published  Stonewall  Jackson's  Campaign 
in  the  Valley  of  Virginia,  1861-62,  a  work  of  extraor 
dinary  interest  and  rich  in  instruction  to  the  student  of 
strategy. 

In  addition  to  his  gifts  of  administration  Colonel 
Allen  was  a  scholar  of  broad  acquirements  and  was 
master  of  lucid  vigorous  English.  He  was  educated 


92  AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND 

at  the  University  of  Virginia.  Colonel  Allen  is  en 
titled  to  rank  among  the  foremost  names  in  the  history 
of  Maryland,  contemplated  from  an  intellectual  point 
of  view,  combining  as  few  men  have  done,  critical  ac 
quirement  with  a  genius  for  practical  and  material 
achievement. 

George  William  Brown  (born  1812 — died  1890), 
a  native  of  Baltimore,  lawyer  and  jurist,  was  the 
author  of  The  Relation  of  the  Legal  Profession  to 
Society;  Baltimore  and  the  Nineteenth  of  April,  1861; 
The  Origin  and  Growth  of  Civil  Liberty  in  Maryland. 

Judge  Brown  was  a  zealous  champion  of  every 
movement  having  for  its  aim  the  advancement  of  the 
intellectual  and  educational  culture  of  his  own  city.  He 
was  one  of  the  original  trustees  of  the  Peabody  In 
stitute  and  the  Johns  Hopkins  University. 

John  H.  B.  Latrobe  (1803-1891)  though  born  in 
Philadelphia  was  thoroughly  identified  with  Baltimore, 
which  was  his  home  during  the  active  years  of  his  long 
and  varied  life.  He  was  by  profession  a  lawyer  but 
his  intellectual  energy  asserted  itself  in  diverse  forms 
and  was  to  the  last  devoted  to  the  promotion  and  dif 
fusion  of  culture  in  art,  in  history,  and  in  the  sphere 
of  technical  education.  He  was  the  founder  of  the 
Maryland  Institute,  President  of  the  Maryland  His 
torical  Society,  and  one  of  its  most  zealous  members, 
enlivening  its  sessions  with  his  rich  and  far-reaching 
reminiscences  and  his  stores  of  knowledge  which  took 
the  range  of  the  modern  world  for  their  province. 

Mr.  Latrobe  was  a  member  of  the  committee  which 


AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND  93 

awarded  the  "One  Hundred  Dollar  Prize"  to  Edgar 
Allan  Poe  for  his  "Manuscript  Found  in  a  Bottle," 
1833,  John  P.  Kennedy  being  one  of  his  colleagues. 
Among  his  contributions  to  literature  are  his  Personal 
Recollections;  The  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad; 
Colonization;  Notice  of  Victor  Hugo's  Views  of 
Slavery  in  the  United  States;  The  Capitol  and  Wash 
ington  at  the  Beginning  of  the  Nineteenth  Century; 
Three  Great  Battles;  A  Lost  Chapter  in  the  History  of 
the  Steamboat;  The  History  of  Mason  omd  Dixon's 
Line;  Hints  for  Six  Months  in  Europe.  During  his 
early  manhood  Mr.  Latrobe  cultivated  fiction  and  was 
a  contributor  to  the  "Atlantic  Souvenir,"  under  the 
pseudonym  of  "Godfrey  Wallace."  The  Esmeralda 
and  The  Heroine  of  Suli  date  from  this  youthful 
period. 

A  foremost  place  in  Catholic  literature  and  critical 
scholarship,  in  so  far  as  they  are  associated  with  the 
history  of  Maryland,  must  be  conceded  to  Brother 
Azarias  (born  1847 — died  1893),  a  native  of  Ireland. 
His  name  was  Patrick  Francis  Mullany.  At  an 
early  age  he  removed  to  the  United  States  and  deter 
mined  to  devote  himself  to  the  profession  of  teaching. 
After  receiving  his  preliminary  training,  in  1866,  at 
the  age  of  nineteen,  he  became  professor  of  litera 
ture  and  mathematics  in  Rock  Hill  College,  Ellicott 
City,  a  position  which  he  retained  until  1879  when  he 
succeeded  to  the  presidency.  In  1886  he  retired  from 
the  administration  of  the  college  and  passed  two  years 
in  European  libraries,  principally  those  of  London  and 


94  AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND 

Paris,  engaged  in  study  and  research.  In  1888  he  be 
came  professor  of  English  at  La  Salle  Institute,  New 
York,  in  which  position  he  remained  until  his  death. 

As  he  grew  in  years  Brother  Azarias  cast  off  his  al 
legiance  to  the  science  of  mathematics  and  concen 
trated  his  energies  upon  the  pursuit  of  literature,  above 
all  the  literature  of  the  English  language.  He  may 
be  fairly  described  as  one  of  the  leading  lights  of 
Catholic  scholarship  in  our  time,  endowed  in  an  emi 
nent  degree  with  the  critical  faculty  and  the  art  of 
illuminating  the  complex  and  subtle  themes  which  are 
associated  with  the  processes  of  literary  development. 
His  power  of  production  was  varied  and  far-reaching 
as  the  accompanying  list  of  works  issued  by  him  during 
his  comparatively  short  life  will  amply  attest.  His 
first  independent  work  was  An  Essay  Contributing  to 
a  Study  of  Literature,  1874.  Among  his  minor  publi 
cations  Mary,  Queen  of  May,  written  for  the  "Ave 
Maria,"  is  regarded  as  the  most  attractive.  The  De 
velopment  of  Old  English  Thought  appeared  in  1879; 
Books  and  Reading,  1889.  Phases  of  Thought  and 
Criticism,  1892,  consists  of  four  special  studies,  Ralph 
Waldo  Emerson,  Cardinal  Newman,  Tennyson's  "In 
Memoriam"  and  Dante's  "Divine  Comedy,"  and  may 
be  regarded  as  the  author's  crown  of  glory  jn  the 
sphere  of  literary  achievement.* 

The  name  of  Severn  Teackle  Wallis  (born  1816 
— died  1894)  is  linked  with  the  intellectual  life  of  his 


*  A  "Life  of  Brother  Azarias,"  by  Rev.  John  Talbot  Smith, 
LL.D.,  was  published  in  1897.  See  also  the  sketch  in  the 
"Catholic  Cyclopedia"  by  Brother  Chrysostom. 


AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND  95 

native  State  in  the  sphere  of  pure  and  ennobling  liter 
ary  culture,  as  well  as  in  the  field  of  the  law,  of  which 
he  may  be  regarded  as  one  of  the  most  brilliant  and  dis 
tinguished  ornaments.  In  addition  to  his  acquirements 
in  his  profession,  he  was  a  man  of  broad  and  varied 
culture  and  was  endowed  with  a  rare  poetic  sensibility, 
as  is  attested  by  his  ventures  in  verse,  above  all  The 
Blessed  Hand,  in  which  pathos,  power  and  chasteness 
of  conception  blend  into  harmony  with  grace  and  skill 
of  execution. 

Mr.  Wallis  was  associated  with  nearly  every  or 
ganization  or  institution  having  for  its  aim  the  higher 
intellectual  culture,  such  as  the  Peabody  Institute,  the 
University  of  Maryland  and  the  Maryland  Historical 
Society.  Despite  an  absorbing  legal  career  he  devoted 
his  energies  to  the  pursuit  of  authorship.  Glimpses  of 
Spam,  1849 ;  Spain,  Her  Institutions,  Politics  and  Pub 
lic  Men,  1853,  are  the  outcome  of  his  labors  in  this 
special  field.  The  addresses,  eulogies,  etc.,  delivered 
by  Mr.  Wallis  on  occasions  in  themselves  historic  have 
rarely  been  excelled  in  appropriateness  of  thought  as 
well  as  felicity  and  mastery  of  language.  Worthy  of 
unqualified  commendation  are  those  upon  the  character 
of  General  Robert  E.  Lee,  George  Peabody,  and  Chief 
Justice  Taney. 

Not  less  brilliant  in  their  peculiar  province  were  his 
contributions  to  Bledsoe's  "Southern  Review"  in 
reference  to  the  issues  involved  in  the  War  between 
the  States. 

In  his  command  of  sarcasm  and  invective  Mr.  Wallis 


96  AUTHORS  Of  MARYLAND 

has  not  been  surpassed  by  any  controversialist  of  con 
temporary  times.  His  gifts  in  this  dangerous  field 
were  illustrated  in  affluent  measure  during  the  several 
political  campaigns  in  which  he  played  the  part  of 
protagonist  in  the  fiercely  contested  arena  where  op 
posing  champions  were  arrayed  in  line  of  battle. 
Some  of  his  utterances  that  trace  their  inspiration  to 
the  relentless  strife  of  those  grim-visaged  days  will  not 
suffer  by  comparison  with  those  immortal  phillipics  of 
the  eighteenth  century  which  are  suggested  by  the  name 
of  "Junius."  Not  untouched  at  times  with  a  needless 
asperity  of  expression,  their  pungency  and  vigor,  as 
well  as  their  power  of  verbal  combination,  evoke  ad 
miration,  even  when  reason  fails  to  concur  or  dissents 
without  reserve  from  the  conclusions  of  the  writer. 
Of  Mr.  Wallis  it  could  never  be  affirmed  by  his  most 
rancorous  antagonist  that  "declamation  roared  while 
passion  slept."  No  small  part  of  his  contributions  to 
the  vital  issues  of  his  day  has  impressed  itself  upon 
the  genius  of  modern  speech.  More  than  one  of  his 
addresses  has  attained  the  dignity  of  a  classic. 

The  works  of  Mr.  Wallis  have  been  edited  with 
characteristic  accuracy  and  thoroughness  by  Dr.  Will 
iam  Hand  Browne,  of  Baltimore,  1896. 

Rev.  John  Gottlieb  Morris,  D.D.  (born  1803 — died 
1895),  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  passed  his  active  life 
principally  in  Baltimore.  A  clergyman  of  the  Luthe 
ran  Church,  he  was  the  founder  of  the  "Lutheran  Ob 
server"  and  professor  of  natural  history  in  the  Uni- 


AUTHORS  OH  MARYLAND  97 

versity  of  Maryland.  He  was  also  the  first  librarian 
of  the  Peabody  Institute.  Dr.  Morris  cultivated 
authorship  in  a  variety  of  fields.  His  characteristic 
works  are:  Popular  Exposition  of  the  Gospels; 
Catherine  de  Bora;  The  Diet  of  Augsburg;  The  Lords 
Baltimore;  Bibliotheca  Lutheran®.  He  also  translated 
into  English  "A  Day  in  /Capernaum,"  by  Dezlitsch, 
and  the  "Life  of  Luther,"  by  Kostlin. 

John  Thomas  Scharf  (born  1843— died  1898)  by 
profession  a  lawyer  and  journalist,  devoted  his  life  to 
historical  research  and  to  the  preparation  of  works 
illustrating  the  origin  and  development  of  his  native 
State.  His  contributions  to  this  special  subject  as 
sumed  a  varied  form,  lectures,  reviews,  addresses,  in 
addition  to  the  several  elaborate  treatises  which  illus 
trate  his  energy  and  assiduity  in  his  favorite  field. 
Notable  among  these  are  The  Chronicles  of  Baltimore, 
1874 ;  History  of  Maryland  from  the  Earliest  Times  to 
the  Present  Day,  3  vols.,  1879;  History  of  Western 
Maryland;  The  Natural  and  Industrial  Resources  of 
Maryland.  He  also  wrote  a  History  of  Delaware  and 
in  1884  published,  in  connection  with  Thompson  West- 
cott,  a  History  of  Philadelphia,  1609-1884,  3  volls. 

Mr.  Scharf  was  animated  by  a  genuine  enthusiasm 
for  the  history  of  Maryland  as  well  as  an  ardent  desire 
to  render  it  accessible  in  trustworthy  narrative  in 
every  phase  of  its  growth  and  in  every  epoch  of  its 
expansion.  To  attain  this  high  end  he  spared  no  ex 
penditure  of  money  and  shrank  from  no  drudgery 


98  AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND 

involved  in  research,  however  painful  or  exacting. 
The  explorations  of  a  future  day  will  bring  to  light 
novel  and  unexpected  sources  of  knowledge,  but  his 
work  will  abide  the  test  of  time  and  the  revelations  of 
historic  sources  into  which  he  did  not  enter.  Mr. 
Scharf  served  with  honor  in  the  Confederate  Army 
from  1861  to  1865. 

Rev.  Philip  C.  Friese  (born  1816— died  1898),  a 
Baltimorean,  published  in  1890,  Semitic  Philosophy; 
Showing  the  Ultimate  Social  and  Scientific  Outcome  of 
Original  Christianity  in  its  Conflict  with  Surviving 
Ancient  Heathenism,  a  scholarly,  thoughtful  and  stim 
ulating  work.  No  theme  drawn  from  the  field  of  his 
tory  is  more  fascinating  and  suggestive  or  involves  a 
wider  range  of  complex  problems.  In  addition  Mr. 
Friese  published  An  Essay  on  Wages  or  A  Working- 
man's  Tariff;  An  Essay  on  Party,  Showing  its  Uses 
and  Abuses,  illustrating  his  eager  and  comprehensive 
interest  in  the  vital  economic  issues  that  lie  at  the 
heart  of  our  modern  civilization.  He  seems  to  have 
blended  the  temperament  and  attainment  of  the  scholar 
with  the  keen  perception  of  the  enlightened  man  of  the 
world — a  rare  harmony  in  contemporary  life  but  one 
always  prophetic  of  progress  in  its  most  rational  and 
attractive  form. 

Colonel  Richard  Malcom  Johnston  (born  1822 — 
died  1898),  a  native  of  Georgia,  began  his  life  in 
Baltimore  in  1867.  He  was  versatile  in  intellect  and 
achievement,  having  devoted  himself  to  law,  literature 


AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND  99 

and  education.  In  connection  with  Dr.  William  Hand 
Browne  he  prepared  an  Outline  of  English  Literature, 
as  well  as  a  BiograpJiy  of  Alexander  H.  Stephens, 
1878.  Col.  Johnston  was  also  the  author  of  Georgia 
Sketches;  Dukesborough  Talcs;  Old  Mark  Langston; 
Two  Gray  Tourists;  Autobiography;  Mr.  Absalom 
Billing  si  e  a  and  Other  Georgia  Folk;  The  Early  Mar 
jority  of  Mr.  Thomas  Watts;  Lectures  on  Literature; 
Old  Times  in  Middle  Georgia;  Pearce  Emerson's, 
Will;  Mr.  Billy  Downs  and  His  Likes;  The  Primes 
and  Their  Neighbors.  Many  of  Col.  Johnston's 
stories  are  marked  by  a  bracing  humor  which  appeals 
with  especial  force  to  all  who  are  imbued  with  the 
genius  and  the  traditions  of  the  ancient  South. 

General  Bradley  Tyler  Johnson  (born  1829 — died 
1903),  a  native  of  Frederick,  Md.,  was  by  profession 
a  lawryer  and  in  addition  to  his  legal  acquirements  was 
a  man  of  broad  and  generous  culture  especially  in  the 
sphere  of  history.  He  was  the  author  of  George 
Washington;  The  Foundation  of  Maryland;  Maryland; 
Memoir  of  the  Life  of  General  Joseph  E.  Johnston, 
1891 ;  The  United  States  Circuit  Courts  for  the  Fourth 
Circuit,  1865-69;  Essays  and  Addresses.  His  work 
in  the  early  history  of  Maryland  elicited  warm  com 
mendation  from  so  eminent  an  authority  as  Mr.  Glad 
stone.  The  Memoir  of  General  Joseph  E.  Johnston  is 
a  vigorous  and  convincing  vindication  of  the  fame  of 
this  distinguished  soldier,  whose  career  has  been  the 
occasion  of  prolonged  and  acrimonious  controversy, 
and  the  Carolinas  is  entitled  to  rank  as  a  military 


ioo  'AUTHORS  OF.  MARYLAND 

The  description  of  Sherman's  campaign  in  Georgia 
classic.  General  Johnson  was  one  of  the  most  brilliant 
representatives  of  Maryland  in  the  service  of  the 
Southern  Confederacy. 

John  Williamson  Palmer,  M.D.  (born  1825 — 
died  1906)  was  a  native  of  Baltimore  and  died  there. 
His  life  was  marked  by  an  extraordinary  diversity 
and  richness  of  experience.  By  profession  a  physician 
he  entered  the  field  of  journalism,  was  correspondent 
of  the  "New  York  Tribune"  during  the  Civil  War, 
also  a  special  contributor  to  the  "Century  Dictionary" 
and  "Standard  Dictionary,"  as  well  as  to  the  leading 
periodicals  of  his  time.  He  traveled  widely  in  India 
and  in  the  East,  combining  literary  faculty  with  a 
genius  for  observation  and  exploration.  Among  his 
productions  may  be  named  Aunt  Judy;  Chesapeake 
Bay;  Old  Georgetown;  Old  Homes  and  Ways  in 
Maryland;  Theodosia  Burr;  The  Wrecker's  Story; 
Strange  Countries  to  See;  The  Queen's  Heart,  a 
comedy;  Folk  Songs.  He  translated  from  the  French 
Michelet's  "L' Amour,"  "La  Femme"  and  "Histoire 
Morale  des  Femmes." 

Dr.  Palmer  was  endowed  with  a  vigorous  lyric 
faculty  and  in  this  regard  stands  in  the  foremost  rank 
of  representative  Maryland  poets.  The  Fight  at  San 
Jatinto,  The  Maryland  Battalion,  For  Charlie's  Sake, 
Ned  Braddock  and  Stonewall  Jackson's  Way,  illus 
trate  his  poetic  capacity  in  its  purest  and  most  attrac 
tive  phases.  In  his  ballad  creations  notably  is  this  true 


AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND  101 

of  'For  Charlie's  Sake.  There  is  a  blending  of  pathos 
and  power  rarely  paralleled  by  modern  ventures  in  this 
ancient  poetic  sphere.  The  best  known  of  Dr.  Palmer's 
creations,  Stonewall  Jackson's  Way,  was  written  at 
Oakland,  in  Western  Maryland,  during  the  progress 
of  the  battle  of  Antietam  (Sharpsburg),  September 
I7th,  1862,  and  within  sound  of  the  guns.  The  poem 
leaped  to  life  under  the  inspiration  of  the  conflict,  the 
bloodiest  single  day  that  marked  the  long  carnival  of 
the  War  between  the  States. 

James  Ryder  Randall  (Jan.  ist,  1839 — Jan.  15th, 
1908)  was  a  native  of  Baltimore.  He  died  at  Augusta, 
Ga.  The  story  of  his  life  is  related  with  admirable 
clearness  and  conciseness  by  Matthew  Page  Andrews 
in  his  edition  of  Randall's  poems,  published  in  April, 
1910.  Mr.  Andrews  has  also  given  to  the  world  the 
first  thoroughly  authentic  and  consistent  account  of 
the  origin  of  My  Maryland  with  which  the  name  and 
fame  of  Randall  are  forever  associated.  In  the 
"Library  of  Southern  Literature,"  Vol.  X,  there  is  a 
judicious  and  discriminating  estimate,  also  by  Mr. 
Andrews,  of  the  place  of  Randall  in  American  litera 
ture. 

The  poet  received  his  early  scholastic  training  from 
Joseph  H.  Clarke,  an  austere  and  exact  teacher  of  the 
ancient  English  type,  in  whose  academy  at  Richmond 
Poe  had  been  prepared  for  the  University  of  Virginia. 
When  a  lad  of  eleven  years  Randall  was  admitted  into 
the  preparatory  department  of  Georgetown  College. 


102  AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND 

The  poetic  instinct  developed  even  in  this  period  of 
mere  dawn  and  asserted  its  power  in  the  stanzas  which 
he  sent  to  his  mother  entitled  On  First  Seeing  George 
town  College.  The  devotion  to  his  alma  mater  which 
reveals  itself  at  this  embryonic  stage  is  illustrated  in 
more  graceful  and  finished  form  in  the  matured 
growth  of  his  verse  and  above  all  in  his  Sunday 
Revery.  He  was  the  center  of  poetical  inspiration  in 
the  college,  the  literary  oracle  of  his  classmates.  The 
Ode  to  Professor  Dimitry,  written  at  eighteen,  will 
sustain  a  favorable  comparison  with  similar  creations 
of  college  laureates  even  in  the  foremost  eras  of  our 
literary  history  when  Milton  or  Tennyson  practised 
his  unfleged  art. 

At  the  close  of  his  Georgetown  life,  Randall,  after 
extended  travels  in  the  far  Southern  States,  the  West 
Indies  and  South  America,  accepted  the  chair  of  Eng 
lish  Literature  in  Poyclras  College,  Point  Coupee, 
Louisiana.  The  institution  was  at  the  time  in  a  pros 
perous  condition  but  the  spectre  of  grim  visnged  war 
rose  before  him  like  a  darkening  cloud,  and  his  pro 
fessional  career  was  brought  to  a  close  by  the  absorb 
ing  struggle  which  paralyzed  every  form  of  educa 
tional  activity  throughout  the  states  that  formed  the 
Southern  Confederacy.  It  was  during  his  residence 
at  Point  Coupee  that  My  Maryland  leaped  into  life, 
April  23rd,  1861.  The  circumstances  of  its  origin,  the 
source  of  its  inspiration,  have  long  become  a  familial- 
incident  of  current  history  associated  with  the  first  pass 
at  arms  which  ushered  in  the  drama  of  the  War  be- 


AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND  103 

tween  the  States.  The  message  fell  upon  his  ears,  the 
attack  upon  the  Sixth  Massachusetts  regiment  in  the 
streets  of  his  native  city,  April  I9th,  1861.  He  retired 
to  rest  and  as  he  was  musing  the  fire  burned.  Then 
he  spoke  as  if  his  tongue  were  touched  with  living 
flame.  The  innate  power  of  the  song  swept  across  the 
land  as  soon  as  its  notes  fell  upon  the  vernal  air  of 
1861.  It  pierced  the  heart  of  English  speech  like  one 
of  the  melodies  of  Burns  or  a  ballad  drawn  from  the 
golden  days  of  our  native  literature.  North  and  South 
blend  in  the  harmony;  sectional  discords,  the  long 
drawn  strife  of  ages,  fade  into  shadow  or  pale  into 
eclipse  as  its  almost  mystic  strain  falls  upon  the  dor 
mant  senses. 

There  can  be  no  more  impressive  illustration  of 
poetic  power  than  the  simple  fact  that  an  appeal  in 
spired  by  a  political  situation  which  prevailed  in  a 
single  border  state  should  have  broken  down  all  geo 
graphical  barriers  and  traversed  the  land  from  sea  to 
sea.  In  its  blending  into  harmony,  the  historic  invo 
cation,  the  fire  of  passion  and  the  logical  faculty,  My 
Maryland  is  unique  in  the  literature  of  our  mother 
speech.  The  Platonic,  ideal  is  illustrated  in  perfection, 
for  intellect,  affections,  will,  fuse  into  an  incomparable 
unity. 

My  Maryland  has  so  nearly  won  a  monopoly  of 
Randall's  fame  that  students  of  literature  as  well  as 
editors  of  poetical  collections  may  be  found  who  have 
not  learned,  even  at  this  late  day,  that  there  are  other 
stars  in  his  crown  as  radiant  as  the  peerless  song  which 


104  AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND 

is  for  all  time  linked  with  his  memory.  At  Arlington, 
1869,  was  in  Randall's  own  judgment  the  finest  flower 
of  his  art.  "I  have  never  equalled  it,"  he  said  to  the 
writer  within  a  few  months  of  the  bodeful  January 
day  in  1908  which  chronicled  his  death  in  the  far  off 
South.  The  incident  on  which  it  is  founded  is  familiar 
to  all  who  recall  the  decade  that  immediately  succeeded 
the  War  between  the  States.  The  poem,  despite  its 
excellence  of  form  and  ideal  purity  of  thought,  has 
never  seized  upon  the  heart  of  the  South  as  did  My 
Maryland  from  the  hour  that  its  clarion  call  broke 
upon  the  calmness  of  an  April  evening  in  1861.  In 
the  former  instance  the  South  was  aflame  with  fire  and 
aglee  with  hope.  Randall  spoke  out  loud  and  bold  for 
an  entire  people.  The  soul  of  a  cause  breathed 
through  his  words.  The  latter  poem  was  written  when 
hope  had  lost  her  youth  and  was  slowly  fading  into 
^despair. 

In  the  work  of  Randall  which  traces  its  origin  to 
the  national  conflict  a  foremost  place  must  be  assigned 
to  Pclham,  March,  1863.  The  charm  of  the  hero  adds 
lustre  to  the  poem,  for  the  character  of  the  youthful 
artilleryman  reveals  a  likeness  to  such  stars  of  chivalry 
as  Sidney  and  Falkland,  glorified  in  eulogy  and 
idealized  in  song.  Randall's  muse  never  attained  a 
loftier  flight  than  in  the  seventh  stanza  of  Pelham: 

"We  gaze'd  and  gazed  upon  that  beauteous  face, 

While  round  the  lips  and  eyes, 
Couched  in  their  marble  slumber,  flashed 
The  grace  of  a  Divine  surprise." 


AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND  105 

Neither  Keats  nor  Tennyson  has  surpassed  in  his 
most  auspicious  mood  the  radiant  grace  of  conception 
and  form  illustrated  in  the  final  lines.  Robert  Brown 
ing,  too  often  regardless  of  artistic  detail  in  execution, 
affords  a  striking  analogy  in  his  After: 

"How  he  lies  in  his  rights  of  a  man. 
Death  has  done  all  death  can 
And  absorbed  in  the  new  life  he  leads, 
He  recks  not,  he  heeds 

Nor  his  wrong  nor  my  vengeance:  both  strike 
On  his  senses  alike, 
And  are  lost  in  the  solemn  and  strange 
Surprise  of  the  change." 

Thus  far  the  poems  that  have  been  the  subject  of 
comment  were  such  as  drew  their  inspiration  from  the 
supreme  conflict  of  American  history,  1861-65.  The 
range  of  Randall's  muse  was  much  broader  and  more 
varied  than  is  represented  in  the  work  which  has  its 
origin  in  this  period  of  storm  and  stress.  Nor  does 
the  excellence  of  his  war  poetry  exhaust  itself  with 
the  enumeration  already  given,  for  On  the  Rampart, 
The  Lone  Sentry,  Memorial  Day,  The  Unconquered 
Banner,  At  Fort  Pillow,  Placide  Bossier,  The  Battle 
Cry  of  the  South,  reveal  at  a  glance  the  source  from 
which  they  sprang.  As  a  poet  of  the  South  alone  his 
was  the  deepest  voice  lifted  up  during  the  long  agony 
of  "Ethnogenesis,"  idealized  by  Timrod,  in  which 
name,  hope,  all  save  memories  and  unfulfilled  dreams, 
faded  into  eclipse. 

Still  not  war  alone  but  the  gay  and  the  lively  as  well 


io6  AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND 

as  the  pathetic  and  the  austere  fell  under  the  sway  of 
Randall.  Not  his  art  merely  but  the  strong  spiritual 
instinct  than  marked  his  nature  drew  him  to  the  ser 
vice  of  religion  through  the  ministration  of  the  sacred 
muse.  The  genius  of  Herbert,  Crashaw,  Vaughan 
and  Keble,  is  in  pure  accord  with  the  finely  touched 
and  hallowed  notes  that  find  utterance  in  Resurgam. 
One  is  tempted  to  regret  that  Randall  did  not  devote 
himself  more  diligently  to  the  culture  of  religious 
poetry.  The  most  genial  of  companions,  "dowered 
with  the  hate  of  hate,  the  scorn  of  scorn,  the  love  of 
love,"  and  gifted  at  the  same  time  with  the  keenest 
appreciation  of  the  ludicrous  and  the  humorous  phases 
of  our  complex  life,  an  intense  religious  earnestness 
pervaded  his  nature.  What  he  accomplished  in  Re 
surgam  or  Easter  Hymn  is  an  earnest  of  the  ripe  re 
sults  he  might  have  produced  had  he  entered  more 
frequently  and  liberally  into  this  sphere  of  his  art. 
The  author  of  My  Maryland  had  in  his  nature  the 
moral  fibre  of  which  heroes  and  martyrs  are  made  as 
well  as  Southwell,  the  Jesuit  of  the  sacred  lyre,  who 
was  contemporary  with  Sidney,  Spenser,  Raleigh  and 
the  dawning  days  of  Shakespeare.  "The  blade,  the 
shot,  the  bowl,"  did  not  fall  to  Randall's  lot  but  there 
was  the  shadow  and  the  cloud,  at  times  lightened  by 
the  silver  lining.  The  sadness  of  his  earthly  day, 
however,  never  developed  in  his  trustful  heart  more 
than  a  fleeting  trace  of  gloom ;  the  eclipse  was  partial 
and  but  for  a  moment.  The  spirit  of  misanthropy 
never  gained  the  mastery ;  from  the  occultation  of  the 
hour  he  emerged  into  new  light. 


AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND  107 

The  sacred  vein  in  Randall's  nature  did  not  exhaust 
its  energy  with  Resurgam.  Still  it  never  again  re 
vealed  its  power  in  so  vigorous  and  finely  tempered 
an  utterance.  Labor  and  Prayer  may  foe  accorded 
the  second  place  in  this  especial  province  of  his  art. 
The  fourth  line  of  the  final  stanza  takes  rank  as  one 
of  the  most  striking  and  suggestive  conceptions  in 
contemporary  poetry : 

"Faith,  to  illume  the  coming  day, 
That  wakes  the  tragic  trance  of  dust." 

In  no  phase  of  his  varied  production  does  Randall 
reflect  his  inner  life  more  vividly  than  in  his  Sunday 
Revery.  In  the  acutest  sense  it  is  autobiographical, 
as  self-revealing  as  "In  Memoriam"  and  far  more 
deeply  so  than  "Lycidas"  or  "Adonais."  To  Randall, 
Maryland  was  ever  home.  Time,  distance,  long  years 
of  separation,  could  not  efface  or  even  obscure  the 
charm  which  invested  the  land  of  his  nativity.  It 
grew  into  an  idealized  dream,  like  the  memory  of  a 
virgin  love,  as  the  increasing  decades  ran  their  pain 
ful  course. 

It  was  but  natural  that  a  spirit  susceptible  and  re 
sponsive  as  Randall's  should  have  been  touched  by  the 
magic  of  Keats,  the  "Young  Lycidas"  of  our  poetry, 
whose  name  if  "writ  in  water"  was  still,  as  Saintsbury 
quaintly  suggests,  "written  in.  the  water  of  life."  The 
English  cemetery  in  Rome  upon  which  the  Maryland 
poet  had  never  looked  with  his  earthly  eyes,  had  for 
him  the  same  charm  that  it  possessed  for  Shelley  and 
Matthew  Arnold.  Few  spots,  even  in  Rome,  are 


io8  AUTHORS  OP  MARYLAND 

richer  in  inspiration ;  for  past  and  present,  the  antique 
and  the  modern  world,  blend  into  harmony.  No 
marvel  that  the  genius  of  the  place  appealed  to  the 
genius  of  Randall.  Who  can  withstand  the  Cor 
Cordium  and  the  matchless  lines  from  The  Tempest? 
Not  assuredly  one  cast  in  the  ethereal  mould  of 
Randall.  His  Keats  takes  rank  as  one  of  the  first  of 
his  works,  in  conception  and  in  execution,  It  may  be 
assigned  the  foremost  place  among  those  that  have  no 
relation  to  the  supreme  issues  of  1861-65. 

Other  illustrations  of  his  radiant  and  varied  fancy, 
such  as  La  Fete  des  Morts,  The  Oriel  Window,  Lost 
and  Saved,  Ha!  Hal,  Why  the  Robin's  Breast  is  Red, 
Far  Out  at  Sea,  may  be  easily  cited.  Nor  do  these 
exhaust  his  affluent  art.  They  merely  suggest  its 
range  and  versatility.  He  is  now  no  longer  concealed 
in  mouldering  journals,  illegible  scrap  books,  or  col 
lections  of  Southern  poetry  arranged  by  undiscerning 
editors  who  destroy  his  identity  by  laying  violent  hands 
upon  the  very  spelling  of  his  name.  That  he  was  the 
last  great  voice  of  the  South,  no  rational  judgment  can 
question.  Timrod,  Lanier,  Hayne,  Hope,  Palmer, 
preceded  him  into  the  world  of  light.  That  he  will 
enter  into  his  heritage  in  due  season  is  already  an 
assured  result.  The  process  has  begun.  A  few 
stanzas  of  inspired  verse  have  carried  the  fame  of  his 
native  state  beyond  the  bounds  of  civilization,  fusing 
passion,  logic,  historic  appeal,  into  a  synthesis  such 
as  has  no  parallel  in  the  long  and  richly  dowered 
records  of  English  speech. 

Four  years  intervene  between  the  Ode  to  Professor 


AUTHORS  OB  MARYLAND  109 

Dimitry,  the  fine  fancy  of  a  lad  of  eighteen,  1857,  and 
the  advent  of  that  matchless  ode,  1861,  which  has 
girdled  the  globe  with  its  music.  That  Tennyson 
should  have  written  "A  Dream  of  Fair  Women"  and 
"The  Palace  of  Art"  at  twenty-one  and  Rossetti  "The 
Blessed  Damozel"  at  eighteen,  are  no  greater  marvels 
than  the  feat  achieved  'by  Randall  when  a  youth  of 
twenty-two.  The  period  of  his  novitiate  at  George 
town  to  the  coming  of  My  Maryland  is  not  merely  a 
transformation  but  a  transfiguration,  to  which  the  his 
tory  of  literature  suggests  few  parallels  and  the  record 
of  poetical  development  in  America  perhaps  not  one. 

The  genius  of  Randall,  however,  had  not  its  range 
exclusively  in  the  sphere  of  poetry.  There  were  other 
fields  in  which  his  spirit  had  its  walk.  His  prose  as 
well  as  verse  attests  his  literary  instinct,  his  faculty  of 
adaptation  and  assimilation,  his  grasp  upon  the  vital 
issues  of  our  modern  life.  For  a  series  of  years  he 
was  absorbed  in  the  relentless  toil  involved  in  journal 
ism.  During  nearly  half  a  century  My  Maryland  lived 
principally  upon  the  lips  of  the  singers.  Even  now 
there  are  some  who  have  heard  its  resistless  strain 
that  do  not  know  the  name  of  the  author.  The 
marvellous  vitality  that  binds  it  in  a  golden  unity 
shielded  every  line  from  the  faintest  touch  of  on 
coming  decay.  The  laurel  wreath  was  won  on  the 
evening  of  that  April  day  that  brought  the  thrilling 
tidings  from  his  native  city.  In  the  purer  light  of  our 
broadening  age,  with  calm  of  mind  and  passion  spent, 
not  the  laurel  alone  but  the  aureole  will  rest  upon  the 
head  of  the  most  representative  of  Maryland  poets. 


VH 

WOMEN  WRITERS  OF  MARYLAND  DURING  THE  LAST 
HALF  OF  THE  NINETEENTH  CENTURY  AND  THE 
FIRST   DECADE    OF   THE    TWENTIETH. 


JAMES  RYDER  RANDALL 


CHAPTER  VII 

WOMEN  WRITERS  OF  MARYLAND  DURING  THE  LAST 

HALF  OF  THE  NINETEENTH  CENTURY  AND  THE 

FIRST  DECADE  OF  THE  TWENTIETH. 

It  is  within  a  comparatively  recent  period  that 
women  have  asserted  their  power  in  the  sphere  of 
authorship.  Many  of  the  most  brilliant  epochs  of  cre 
ation  had  passed  into  history  before  the  genius  of 
woman,  save  in  rare  and  isolated  instances,  became  a 
recognized  force  in  the  field  of  literature.  It  was  her 
mission  rather  to  inspire  productivity  on  the  part  of 
the  other  sex,  especially  in  lyric  poetry,  than  to  voice 
her  ideals  and  aspirations  through  the  medium  of  verse 
or  prose.  One  does  not  forget  the  Byzantine  Empire 
on  the  Italian  Renaissence.  Still,  the  essential  ac 
curacy  of  the  generalization  will  abide  the  test  of 
critical  scrutiny. 

In  our  newly  developed  American  civilization  the 
same  law  applies,  though  it  is  marked  by  notable  de 
viations  from  the  prevailing  tendency,  such  as  the 
early  women  novelists  and  poets  of  New  England. 
In  Maryland,  literature,  as  an  art  or  a  vocation,  did 
not  develop  its  energy  or  assume  a  definite  character, 
in  so  far  as  it  relates  to  the  female  sex,  until  the  nine 
teenth  century  had  advanced  toward  its  middle  period 
and  such  master  lights  as  Pinkney  and  Poe  had  won 


H4  AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND 

their  laurels  and  rested  from  their  labors.  Mrs. 
Welby  was  born  in  1819  and  died  in  1852;  Mrs.  Lewis 
was  born  in  1824  and  lived  until  1880;  but  it  is  fair  to 
assume  that  the  greater  part  of  her  work  in  poetry 
was  accomplished  in  her  early  years  or  by  the  middle 
of  the  nineteenth  century.  With  these  two  one  traces 
with  at  least  an  approach  to  chronological  precision 
an  assured  beginning  of  authorship  on  the  part  of 
women  in  Maryland.  That,  from  the  dawn  of  her 
history,  the  state  had  been  graced  by  the  charm  of 
cultured  women,  who  loved  literature  for  its  own  sake, 
may  be  regarded  as  beyond  question,  but  the  pursuit 
of  authorship  and  the  writing  of  books  as  a  profes 
sion,  if  not  as  a  recreation  or  diversion,  in  its  relation 
to  women,  takes  its  definite  beginning  not  far  from 
the  time  that  has  been  indicated. 

Mrs.  Estelle  Anna  Blanche  Lewis  (born  1824 — 
died  1880)  was  a  native  of  Maryland.  Her  closing 
years  were  passed  in  England.  She  was  an  active 
contributor  to  periodical  literature  but  her  fame  is 
principally  associated  with  her  labors  in  the  field  of 
poetry.  Worthy  of  especial  note  is  The  Forsaken, 
which  elicited  from  Edgar  A.  Poe  marked  commenda 
tion  in  "American  Literati."  This  poem  is  touched 
by  rare  beauty  and  grace  and  Poe's  eulogy  was  not  a 
mere  conventional  tribute  to  woman.  In  addition 
Mrs.  Lewis  was  the  author  of  The  King's  Strategem; 
Helnah;  Child  of  the  Sea;  Records  of  the  Heart? 
Florence;  Zenel;  Melpomene;  Laone ;  The  Last  Hours 
of  Sappho;  The  Bride  of  Guayaquil  and  La  Vega. 


AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND  115 

Miss  Anna  Ella  Carroll  (born  1815 — died  1894). 
is  memorable  as  a  Maryland  woman  who  played  an 
important  part  as  a  political  controversialist  during 
the  War  between  the  States,  as  well  as  the  period  of 
storm  and  stress  that  heralded  its  coming.  Among 
her  varied  contributions  in  this  sphere  may  be  named 
A  Great  American  Battle  or  the  Contest  Between 
Christianity  and  Political  Romanism;  The  Star  of  the 
West  or  National  Men  and  National  Manners;  Re 
view,  of  Pierces  Administration,  1853-57;  Reply  to 
the  Speech  of  Hon.  John  C.  Breckenridge;  The  Union 
of  the  States ;  The  Constitutional  Powers  of  the  Presi 
dent  to  Make  Arrests;  The  War  Powers  of  the 
Government;  The  Relation  of  Revolted  Citizens  to  the 
National  Government,  the  last,  it  is  said,  being  written 
at  the  special  request  of  Abraham  Lincoln, 

Miss  Carroll  was  a  woman  of  literary  ability  and 
during  the  War  between  the  States  devoted  her  powers 
as  a  writer  to  the  strenuous  and  uncompromising  ad 
vocacy  of  the  cause  of  the  National  Government. 
The  first  volume  of  a  biography  of  Miss  Carroll,  en 
titled  "A  Military  Genius,"  and  prepared  by  Miss 
S.  E.  Blacknall,  appeared  in  1891.  The  second  vol 
ume  is  entitled  "War  Papers  in  Aid  of  the  Govern 
ment."  Perhaps  no  woman  of  that  dramatic  period 
was  a  more  devoted  and  gifted  champion  of  the  con 
servation  of  the  Federal  Union  or  a  more  marked  and 
recognized  controversial  force  in  the  complex  issues 
which  characterized  the  critical  stage  of  our  political 
development  extending  from  1861  to  1865. 


n6  AUTHORS  OF,  MARYLAND 

Mrs.  Almira  Hart  Phelps  (born  1793 — died 
1884),  was  a  native  of  Connecticut  and  a  sister  of 
Emma  Willard.  Her  long  and  active  life  was  devoted 
to  the  education  of  young  ladies,  but  she  found  time 
for  the  culture  of  literature  and  was  the  author  of 
more  than  one  book.  Among  her  works  may  be 
named  as  worthy  of  special  commemoration  The  Blue 
Ribbon  Society;  The  School  Girls  Rebellion;  Christian 
Households;  Familiar  Lectures  on  Botany;  Our  Coun 
try  and  its  Relation  to  the  Present,  Past  and  Future; 
The  Fireside  Friend. 

Mrs.  Mary  Elizabeth  Wormley  Latimer  (born 
1822 — died  1904),  was  a  native  of  London,  England. 
Her  father  was  a  Virginian.  She  married  a  Balti- 
morean.  Mrs.  Latimer  was  a  prolific  and  vigorous 
writer,  her  works  embracing  a  varied  range  of 
subjects.  Among  them  are:  A  Chain  of  Errors; 
England  in  the  Nineteenth  Century;  Europe  in  the 
Nineteenth  Century;  FcumiUar  Talks  on  Some  of 
Shakespeare's  Comedies;  France  in  the  Nineteenth 
Century;  Italy  in  the  Nineteenth  Century;  Judea  from 
Cyrus  to  Titus;  The  Last  Years  of  the  Nineteenth 
Century;  My  Wife  and  My  Wife's  Sister;  The  Prince 
Incognito;  Princess  Amelia;  Russia  and  Turkey  in 
the  Nineteenth  Century;  Salvage;  Spain  in  the  Nine 
teenth  Century;  My  Scrapbook  of  the  French  Revo 
lution.  She  translated  "Talks  of  Napoleon  at  St. 
Helena"  by  Caspar  Gorgaud;  "History  of  the  People 
of  Israel"  by  Ernest  Renan.  Mrs.  Latimer's  account 
of  the  downfall  of  the  French  Empire,  1870,  is  marked 


AUTHORS  OF:  MARYLAND  117 

by  rare  power  of  description  and  reveals  a  genuine 
dramatic  faculty. 

Miss  Emily  Jours  (Mrs.  McAlpin),  a  teacher  by 
profession,  published  in  1871  a  story  entitled  Doings 
in  Maryland  or  Matilda  Douglas,  the  book  having  as 
one  of  its  distinctive  aims  the  portrayal  of  the  inner 
life  of  the  public  school  system  in  the  city  of  Balti 
more  as  it  revealed  itself  to  the  discerning  and  critical 
eye  of  the  author.  The  leading  characters  in  the 
narrative  are  so  thinly  veiled  as  to  be  readily  recog 
nized  in  their  drapery,  even  by  one  who  had  merely  a 
superficial  acquaintance  with  local  conditions  in  the 
period  of  which  they  form  a  part.  Despite  its  tone 
of  righteous  and  thoroughly  justified  indignation  the 
work  may  be  fairly  pronounced  clever  and  effective 
in  design  and  execution,  as  well  as  extending  in  inter 
est  and  in  application,  far  beyond  the  specific  time 
contemplated  and  described  by  the  writer. 

Mrs.  Mary  Spear  Nicolas  Tiernan  was  a  native 
of  Virginia  and  the  wife  of  the  late  Charles  Tiernan 
of  Baltimore.  Her  earliest  contributions  to  literature 
appeared  in  Bledsoe's  "Southern  Review."  Her  first 
novel,  Homoselle,  was  the  most  popular  and  successful 
of  the  "Round  Robin  Series."  Mrs.  Tiernan,  en 
couraged  with  the  reception  with  which  her  first  ven 
ture  had  met,  entered  upon  an  active  career,  writing 
for  "The  Century"  and  "Harper's  Magazine"  and 
publishing  two  additional  novels,  Sousette  and  Jack 
Homer,  1890.  The  last  of  these  was  a  marked  sue- 


n8  AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND 

cess,  soon  attaining  to  a  second  edition.  Mrs.  Tiernan 
died  in  1891. 

Mrs.  J.  McC.  Wilson  (born  1834 — died  1908),  a 
native  of  Baltimore  and  resident  of  Iowa,  published  in 
1891  a  volume  in  'blank  verse  entitled  The  Fate  of  the 
Leaf,  an  allegory  of  human  life  and  the  unfolding  or 
development  of  the  spirit  into  that  "ampler  day"  which 
comes  as  one  of  the  revelations  wrought  in  the  world 
of  light.  The  plaintive  note  that  echoes  through 
many  parts  of  the  work  suggests  the  common  lot  of 
poets  "who  learn  in  suffering  what  they  teach  in 
song."  Mrs.  Wilson's  verse  displays  at  times  vigor 
as  well  as  ease  and  grace  in  the  process  of  fusing 
words  into  effective  and  striking  combinations  such  as 
readily  lend  themselves  to  the  purposes  of  quotation. 
Her  vocabulary  is  marked  by  unusual  discrimination 
and  some  of  the  similies  are  conceived  with  felicity  of 
judgment. 

A  volume  of  Mrs.  Wilson's  poems  has  been  recently 
published  at  Des  Moines,  Iowa,  with  a  memoir,  brief, 
but  exhibiting  all  the  principal  phases  of  her  active 
and  unusually  productive  literary  life.  A  number  of 
these  poems  are  marked  by  far  more  than  ordinary 
merit  and  by  a  rare  facility  in  the  employment  of 
rhyming  verse.  This  volume  will  probably  induce  a 
more  cordial  appreciation  of  Mrs.  Wilson's  capabilities 
in  the  State  of  Maryland,  which  claims  her  as  one  of 
its  representative  writers. 

Miss  Lizzette  Woodworth  Reese  was  born  in 
Baltimore  County  and  is  a  teacher  in  the  schools  of 


AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND  119 

Baltimore.  She  developed,  even  in  her  childhood,  a 
strong  and  vigorous  lyric  faculty  and  her  creations  of 
a  inaturer  day  have  been  received  with  cordial  com 
mendation  'by  the  oracles  of  criticism  in  Europe  as 
well  as  America.  In  her  use  of  the  sonnet,  that  most 
delicate  and  difficult  of  poetical  types,  Miss  Reese  has 
displayed  a  skill  and  facility  of  execution  as  rare  as 
they  are  noteworthy.  Her  sonnet  entitled  Tears  is 
deserving  of  unqualified  praise  and  reveals  a  pure 
Miltonic  note,  above  all  in  the  preluding  lines.  This 
peculiar  form  of  verse  affords  a  rich  and  stimulating 
field  for  the  culture  and  expansion  of  Miss  Reese's 
rhythmic  and  metric  capabilities.  Among  her  pub 
lished  works  those  designated  in  the  accompanying 
list  represent  her  art  and  its  possibilities  in  the  strong 
est  and  most  appealing  light:  A  Branch  of  May;  A 
Handful  of  Lavender;  A  Quiet  Road;  The  Cry  of  the 
Old  House;  Anne;  Keats;  The  Daffodils;  Trust;  In 
Time  of  Grief;  An  English  Missal;  A  Celtic  Maying 
Story. 

An  admirable  biography  of  Miss  Reese,  as  well  as 
a  just  and  disriminating  estimate  of  her  poetic  achieve 
ments,  may  be  found  in  the  "Library  of  Southern 
Literature,"  from  the  pen  of  Mrs.  Letitia  H.  Wren- 
shall  of  Baltimore. 

This  enumeration  by  no  means  exhausts  Miss 
Reese's  range  and  power  of  creation  but  it  at  least 
reveals  them  in  a  form  that  illustrates  the  finely 
touched  spirit,  the  grace  and  delicacy,  which  dominate 
her  verse. 


120  AUTHORS  OF,  MARYLAND 

Miss  Reese  has  won  success  in  the  story  as  well  as 
in  poetry,  but  her  highest  art  illustrates  its  power  in 
the  lyric  sphere.  It  is  perhaps  not  too  much  to  assert 
that  some  of  her  sonnets,  notably  the  one  to  which 
especial  reference  has  been  made,  have  never  been 
excelled  by  any  American  writer. 

Miss  Sarah  Sigourney  Rice  (died  Oct.  30,  1909), 
was  a  native  of  Bath,  England,  and  by  profession  a 
teacher.  She  edited  the  Poe  Memorial  Volume,  1877, 
containing  an  account  of  the  erection  and  dedication 
of  the  monument  to  Edgar  Allan  Poe  in  Westminster 
Church  Yard,  November  i7th,  1875.  It  is  a  valuable 
and  important  contribution  to  Poe  literature.  Miss 
Rice  was  earnestly  associated  with  the  movement 
which  had  for  its  object  the  erection  of  the  monument 
and  labored  assidiously  and  enthusiastically  until  the 
aim  became  an  accomplished  fact  during  the  year 
1875- 

Miss  Ella  Beam,  a  resident  of  Carroll  County,  has 
published  under  the  pseudonym  of  Sophia  Chandler, 
a  volume  of  essays  entitled  Chiefly  from  Castles  in 
Spain,  1905,  a  stimulating  and  suggestive  book.  The 
idyllic  vein  that  runs  through  it  like  a  thread  of  gold 
reflects  the  sweet  aloofness  of  an  Arcadian  world 
where  all  fleets  tranquilly  as  in  the  days  of  dawn. 
The  work  has  a  strongly  marked  individuality  and  re 
veals  the  fine  bracing  flavor  of  her  native  element 
vitalized  by  the  inspiring  breath  of  the  overlooking 
mountain  walls  of  Western  Maryland.  Even  when 


AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND  121 

Miss  Beam  gives  free  rein  to  reverie  and  didactic 
musings,  or  ventures  into  the  perilous  fields  of  humor 
and  irony,  the  charm,  though  it  reflects  a  discrimin 
ating  study  of  the  moralists  and  dreamers  of  the 
days  that  are  dead,  is  still  unborrowed  and  her  own. 
Miss  Beam  has  also  published  A  Family  History,  in 
which  exact  knowledge  and  varied  information  are 
presented  in  abundance  and  with  no  sense  of  weari 
ness,  for  the  most  minute  details  are  brightened  by 
the  ceaseless  flow  of  a  fresh  and  animated  style. 

Miss  Katharine  Pearson  Woods,  a  native  of 
Wheeling,  West  Virginia,  has  passed  the  greater  part 
of  her  active  life  in  Baltimore.  She  is  an  author  of 
varied  powers,  having  accomplished  admirable  results 
in  verse  as  well  as  in  prose  fiction.  Hold  Me  Not 
False;  One  Poet  to  Another  and  A  Twilight  Fantasia, 
suffice  to  assure  her  rank  in  the  harmony  of  poesy. 
An  ideal  grace  and  purity  chacterize  every  touch.  One 
reads  her  stanzas  with  a  sense  of  exhiliration  strangely 
blended  with  calm,  such  as  seldom  marks  contact 
with  the  modern  muse.  To  the  examples  cited  may 
foe  added  A  Song  of  Dawn  and  Springtime;  A  Song 
of  Love  and  Summer;  The  Cleansing  of  Guinevere; 
When  My  Love  Sighs.  Her  works  in  fiction  are: 
Metzerott,  Shoemaker,  1889;  A  Web  of  Gold,  1890; 
The  Mark  of  the  Beast,  1890;  From  Dusk  to  Dawn, 
1892;  John,  a  Tale  of  King  Messiah,  1896;  The  Son 
of  Ingar,  1897;  The  True  Story  of  Captain  John 
Smith,  1901 ;  The  Face  of  Christ. 

Miss  Wood's  range  as  a  novelist  is  broad  and  far- 


122  AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND 

reaching.  Many  phases  of  our  modern  life,  with  its 
colossal  problems,  material,  social,  sociological,  spirit 
ual,  pass  under  review  as  the  mirror  is  held  up  to 
nature  and  the  very  image  of  the  complex  age  reveals 
its  form  and  pressure.  To  illustrate  her  versatility  of 
gift  A  Web  of  Gold  involves  the  vital  issues  of  labor 
and  capital,  the  industrial  and  economic  questions  that 
lie  at  the  base  of  our  civilization  :  From  Dusk  to  Dawn, 
is  a  forecast  or  prophecy  of  the  "Emanuel  Move 
ment  :"  The  Face  of  Christ  demonstrates  the  power 
of  the  inner  spirit  in  bringing  into  subjection  the 
carnal  nature  and  leading  captive  the  flesh :  The  True 
Story  of  Captain  John  Smith  discovers  a  rare  geo 
graphical  faculty  in  establishing  the  identity  of  a  cer 
tain  historic  river  described  by  Smith  but  pronounced 
by  scientists  and  explorers  absolutely  mythical,  the 
creation  of  Smith's  ingenious  and  unscrupulous  fancy. 
An  admirable  sketch  of  Miss  Woods  and  a  judicious 
discriminating  appreciation  of  her  literary  achieve 
ments  may  be  found  in  Vol.  XIII,  "Library  of  South 
ern  Literature/'  written  by  Miss  Fannie  K.  Reiche. 

Mrs.  Lucy  Meacham  Thruston,  a  native  of  Vir 
ginia,  has  been  a  resident  of  Baltimore  from  her  early 
years.  Her  principal  works  in  her  special  sphere,  the 
era  of  Colonial  life  in  Maryland  and  in  Virginia,  as 
well  as  periods  of  development  in  the  history  of  those 
States  more  nearly  related  to  our  own  time,  are :  Mis 
tress  Brent,  A  Story  of  Lord  Baltimore's  Colony  in 
1638,  1901 ;  Jack  and  His  Island,  A  Boy's  Adventures 
Along  the  Chesapeake  in  the  War  of  1812,  1902;  A 


AUTHORS  OP  MARYLAND  123 

Girl  of  Virginia,  1902,  which  draws  its  inspiration 
from  the  social  and  student  life  of  the  University  of 
Virginia;  Where  the  Tide  Comes  In,  1904;  Called  to 
the  Field,  1906,  a  story  having  its  origin  in  the  un 
recorded  but  incomparable  heroism  of  Virginia  women 
during  the  War  of  1861-65,  when  every  active  man 
was  in  the  forefront  of  the  struggle  and  wives  and 
children,  devoid  of  their  natural  protectors,  in  lone 
liness,  isolation  and  peril,  toiled  and  wrought  unto  the 
coming  of  the  end;  Jenifer,  1907,  a  story  of  Carolina, 
illustrating  the  vast  possibilities  that  lie  unrevealed  in 
its  mountain  ranges,  affluent  in  native,  but  unreclaimed 
and  undeveloped  riches. 

Mrs.  Thruston,  in  selecting  the  historical  evolution 
of  Maryland  and  Virginia  as  the  special  sphere  for  the 
exercise  of  her  gifts,  has  chosen  a  most  suggestive  and 
stimulating  field.  The  strong  commendation  bestowed 
upon  her  successive  and  rapidly  succeeding  ventures 
by  leading  critical  oracles  is  an  assurance  that  she  has 
accomplished  ripe  results  in  this  fascinating  but  most 
difficult  type  of  literary  emprise.  For  a  discrimin 
ating  estimate  of  Mrs.  Thruston's  work  see  Vol.  XII, 
"Library  of  Southern  Literature/' 

Mrs.  H.  C.  Goldsmith,  a  native  of  Maryland,  has 
published  a  volume  of  stories  and  poems  which  in 
large  measure  have  their  origin  in  the  memories  and 
experiences  of  the  War  between  the  States.  They 
have  the  interest  which  is  forever  associated  with  the 
thrilling  events  of  that  dramatic  period.  Mrs.  Gold 
smith  was  in  the  heart  of  one  of  the  great  war  centres 


124  AUTHORS  OH  MARYLAND 

and  her  narrative  is  based  upon  personal  observation, 
not  upon  report,  upon  immediate  knowledge  and  not 
upon  rumors  of  battles,  sieges,  fortunes  such  as  mark 
the  strange  eventful  history  of  the  struggle  for  the 
establishment  of  the  Southern  Confederacy. 

Miss  Marian  V.  Dorsey,  a  native  of  Baltimore  and 
a  resident  of  Dorchester  County,  is  an  active  and  pro 
gressive  contributor  to  current  literature  in  a  variety 
of  fields.  A  number  of  leading  journals,  such  as  the 
"New  York  Herald,"  the  "Baltimore  Sun,"  the  "Balti 
more  American,"  the  "Philadelphia  Press"  and  the 
"Philadelphia  Record"  attest  her  energy  and  produc 
tivity.  Local  sketches,  native  myths,  educational 
theories,  agricultural  development,  all  pass  in  review 
and  bear  witness  to  her  energy  and  resourcefulness. 
Miss  Dorsey  is  an  enthusiastic  student  of  folk-lore  and 
is  associated  with  the  women's  clubs  which  have  as 
their  object  the  promotion  of  historical  and  literary 
culture  and  research.  To  her  assiduous  investigations 
in  the  field  of  local  history  is  due  the  notable  discovery 
that  the  Otterbein  Church  on  Conway  street  is  the 
oldest  in  Baltimore.  Perhaps  no  incident  of  Miss 
Dorsey's  literary  labors  as  applied  to  the  solution  of 
delicate  and  critical  problems  is  more  worthy  of  spe 
cial  recognition  than  her  vigorous  protest  against  the 
absorption  of  the  Diocese  of  Easton  into  that  of 
Delaware,  as  a  violation  of  the  law  of  historic  con 
tinuity  in  the  ecclesiastical  sphere.  Her  protests  were 
published  in  the  secular  as  well  as  the  religious  jour- 


AUTHORS  Off-  MARYLAND  125 

nals  and  exerted  a  marked  influence  in  determining  the 
result  that  was  attained. 

Mrs.  Helen  West  Ridgeley  is  the  author  of  two 
books,  each  of  which  is,  in  the  purest  sense,  a  repre 
sentative  Maryland  work,  blending  with  its  intrinsic 
interest  the  charm  of  a  graceful  and  fascinating  style. 
The  Old  Brick  Churches  of  Maryland  appeared  in 
1894  and  Historic  Graves  of  Maryland  and  the  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia  in  1908.  The  labors  of  Mrs.  Ridge- 
ley  have  revealed  a  field  rich  in  material  for  the  his 
torians  and  researchers  of  a  coming  age  who  may 
devote  themselves  to  the  portrayal  of  the  past  as  it  is 
illustrated  in  the  lives  and  usages  of  Colonial  and 
ancient  Maryland.  The  introduction  to  the  second 
work  is  worthy  of  especial  commendation  as  a  model 
of  the  chaste,  simple  and  effective  English,  which  is 
the  unfailing  characteristic  of  the  cultured  woman. 

Mrs.  Ridgeley  has  won  an  enviable  fame  as  the  "Old 
Mortality"  of  Maryland  literature.  Even  a  casual  or 
perfunctory  reader  cannot  fail  to  observe  the  marked 
advance  in  the  style  of  the  second  book  as  compared 
with  the  first. 

Miss  Virginia  Woodward  Cloud,  of  Baltimore, 
has  been  a  productive  and  varied  writer  of  ballads, 
poems  and  stories.  She  is  engaged  in  journalism  but 
devotes  herself  to  literature  with  enthusiasm  and  high 
purpose  and  not  as  a  recreation  from  professional  pur 
suits.  Miss  Cloud  has  written  Durley  Down  and 
Other  Ballads  and  Ared  by  the  River.  In  her  special 


126  AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND 

sphere  she  has  achieved  a  marked  and  assured  suc 
cess. 

Miss  Ella  Duvall,  of  Baltimore,  has  won  assured 
success  as  a  contributor  to  periodical  literature.  Her 
Golden  Egg  was  a  fortunate  competitor  in  a  Collier 
prize  contest.  Miss  Duvall  has  written  The  Open 
Door;  The  Lover;  When  Least  Aware;  A  Point  of 
Honor;  The  Problem;  The  Fourth  Gentleman;  The 
Lamp  of  Psyche;  Estelle.  Her  range  is  wide  and  her 
choice  of  subjects  happy  and  discriminating. 

Miss  Emily  Emerson  Lantz,  a  Baltimorean,  is 
associated  with  the  literary  department  of  the  "Balti 
more  Sun."  Miss  Lantz's  admirable  reviews  of  con 
temporary  works  in  literature  and  history  entitle  her 
to  especial  recognition  in  a  volume  devoted  to  the 
representative  authors  of  Maryland.  Her  finely  dis 
criminating  appreciation  of  the  poetry  of  Father  Tabb 
is  of  itself  sufficient  to  assure  her  rank  among  critics. 
The  death  of  the  blind  poet  evoked  eulogy  and  com 
mendation  from  all  parts  of  the  world  of  letters  but 
none  excelled  in  accuracy  of  conception,  clearness 
of  aim  and  grace  of  execution  the  review  of  Miss 
Lantz  in  the  "Baltimore  Sun,"  November  2ist,  1909. 
The  same  mead  of  praise  may  be  bestowed  upon  her 
sketch  of  Mrs.  Lucy  Meacham  Thruston  in  Vol.  XIII, 
"Library  of  Southern  Literature." 

Mrs.  Susan  Rebecca  Thompson  Hull,  a  native  of 
Virginia,  but  for  many  years  a  resident  of  Baltimore, 
has  written  Boy  Soldiers  of  the  Confederacy,  a  de- 


AUTHORS  OF.    MARYLAND  127 

lightful  narrative  of  youthful  valor  and  heroism. 
Many  of  the  leaders  of  thought  and  action  in  Mary 
land  and  the  South  of  to-day  appear  as  "Boy  Soldiers" 
in  Mrs.  Hull's  attractive  and  instructive  work. 


Mrs.  Hester  Dorsey  Richardson,  a  native  of 
Baltimore  and  descended  from  an  ancient  family  as 
sociated  with  the  purest  traditions  of  Maryland  from 
the  foundation  of  the  colony  in  the  seventeenth  cen 
tury,  is  an  unceasing  and  assiduous  laborer  in  varied 
phases  of  activity,  having  achieved  rich  results  in  his 
toric  and  literary  research  as  well  as  in  the  capacity 
of  creator  of  the  agencies  and  organizations  through 
whose  energy  and  effort  the  results  are  presented  in  a 
form  that  is  accessible  and  intelligble  to  the  general 
reader. 

Mrs.  Richardson's  versatility  may  be  readily  illus 
trated  by  her  success  in  the  field  of  administrative  de 
velopment  as  well  as  in  the  sphere  of  investigation  and 
research  that  calls  into  requisition  and  exercise  the 
intellectual  faculties,  fine  discrimination,  culture,  in 
stinct  and  scholarly  attainment.  Among  the  notable 
benefits  bestowed  upon  the  city  of  Baltimore  which 
trace  their  origin  in  large  measure  to  her  inspiration 
asserting  itself  through  the  medium  of  the  press  may 
be  especially  named  the  new  Mercantile  Library  and 
the  new  City  Hospital. 

As  founder  of  the  Woman's  Literary  Club  of 
Baltimore  in  1890  Mrs.  Richardson  introduced  a  new 
phase  of  intellectual  life  into  her  native  city. 


128  AUTHORS  OF.  MARYLAND 

Mrs.  Richardson's  contributions  to  literature  have 
been  varied  and  diverse  in  range.  Worthy  of  especial 
commemoration  are  her  articles  relating  to  historical 
subjects  of  absorbing  interest,  such  as  have  appeared 
in  the  leading  journals  of  Baltimore  and  New  York. 
A  poem  of  Mrs.  Richardson's  entitled  Dethroned,  en 
joys  a  unique  honor  as  the  only  dedication  ever  ac 
cepted  by  the  Emperor  Francis  Joseph  of  Austria, 
relating  to  the  melancholy  career  of  Maximilian  and 
Carlotta  and  the  tragical  climax  at  Quertaro. 

Her  series  of  essays  under  pseudonym  of  Selene 
has  constituted  an  influence  in  Baltimore  salutary  and 
invigorating  in  its  nature.  It  is  perhaps  just  to  assume 
that  Mrs.  Richardson's  name  and  fame  will  abide  most 
securely  upon  the  admirable  results  attained  by  her 
minute  and  critical  explorations  of  the  earlier  stages 
of  Maryland  history  and  the  dispelling  by  the  calm 
and  passionless  light  of  contemporary  records  the 
strongly  rooted  and  tenacious  delusion  in  reference  to 
the  large  convict  element  prevailing  among  the  origi 
nal  settlers  of  the  colony.  Her  conclusions  in  refer 
ence  to  this  essential  and  long  contested  question, 
based  upon  investigations  conducted  in  London  as 
well  as  at  home,  and  with  all  the  facilities  drawn  from 
the  scrutiny  of  testimony  derived  from  authentic 
sources  in  the  ancestral  country,  are  accepted  as  final 
by  leading  authorities  in  Maryland  history.  Her  suc 
cess  in  native  historic  investigation  has  won  for  Mrs. 
Richardson  marked  recognition  in  more  than  one  form 
or  connection.  She  was  appointed  by  Governor  Ed 
win  Warfield  "  Special  Executive  Historian  to  rep  re- 


AUTHORS  OR  MARYLAND  129 

sent  the  Executive  Department  of  Maryland  in  the 
Historic  Work  at  Jamestown  and  to  collect  and  ar 
range  such  data  and  documents  as  will  redound  to  the 
fame  and  glory  of  Maryland."  In  response  to  this 
commission  Mrs.  Richardson,  without  aid  or  coopera 
tion,  collected  the  exhibit  in  the  Memorial  Room  in 
the  State  House  at  Annapolis,  which  attests  her 
energy,  discernment  and  resourcefulness  in  terms  more 
effective  and  appealing  than  eulogy.  It  was  an  object 
lesson,  a  revealing  power,  and  in  its  light  the  delusion 
of  Maryland  having  been  a  penal  colony,  rather  than 
a  land  of  sanctuary  and  enlightened  toleration,  fades 
into  the  shadowy  realm  of  myth  and  legend.  Mrs. 
Richardson  is  associated  with  a  number  of  well-known 
organizations  devoted  to  the  advancement  of  culture 
through  the  medium  of  special  research,  historical, 
archaeological,  etc.  During  her  several  visits  to  Lon 
don  she  has  been  received  with  marks  of  peculiar  dis 
tinction  and  respect.  Her  work  has  been  cordially 
commended  by  the  oracles  of  historic  science  in  Eng 
land  as  well  as  in  America. 

Mrs.     Annie     Middleton     Leakin     Sioussat     of 

Baltimore  has  written  Colonial  Women  of  Maryland 
and  is  prominently  associated  with  every  movement 
having  for  its  object  the  study  and  appreciation  of  the 
colonial  era.  She  has  proved  an  admirable  researcher 
in  this  broadening  and  inspiring  sphere  of  historical 
development. 

Miss   Adelia  V.   Paret   is   a   contributor  to   the 
poetical  columns  of  some  of  our  leading  journals.    Her 


130  AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND 

verse  at  times  is  marked  by  unusual  grace  and  deli 
cacy  of  fancy  and  is  characterized  by  a  deeply  wrought 
religious  and  spiritual  tone.  As  illustrations  of  her 
work  in  its  purest  and  most  attractive  form  there  may 
be  cited:  With  Nature;  God's  Mantle  of  Fleecy 
Snow;  Violet;  The  Purple  Pansy;  The  Cross;  Falling 
Leaves;  Lily  Thoughts;  A  Breath  of  Spring;  Christ 
Lives;  Anemonies. 

Mrs.  D.  Giraud  Wright,  a  native  of  Texas  and 
resident  of  Baltimore,  has  written :  Maryland  and 
the  South;  Pier  Aid  to  the  Confederacy;  The  War 
Time  Memories  of  a  Confederate  Senator's  Daughter; 
A  Southern  Girl  in  1861.  Mrs.  Wright  is  the  daughter 
of  Senator  Wigfall  who  was  prominently  associated 
with  the  origin  and  organization  of  the  Confederate 
Government.  Her  works,  especially  the  last  named, 
have  been  received  with  marked  favor  even  by  reviews 
and  journals  not  in  sympathy  with  the  cause  of  which 
she  is  the  advocate. 

In  the  "Baltimore  Sun"  of  September  loth,  1905, 
may  be  found  a  just,  discriminating  and  appreciative 
estimate  of  Mrs.  Wright's  A  Southern  Girl  in  1861. 
The  most  dramatic  era  in  American  history  is  pre 
sented  in  fascinating  light  and  the  fadeless  interest  of 
a  past  that  is  ever  present  to  those  who  were  con 
temporary  with  it  is  enriched  by  the  delicate  and  re 
vealing  touch  of  a  cultured  woman.  The  "New  York 
Times"  of  August  26th,  1905,  accords  ample  recog 
nition  to  the  literary  charm,  the  freshness  and  vigor, 
which  are  characteristics  of  the  book,  while  hopelessly 


AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND  131 

at  variance  with  the  political  ideals  and  traditions  of 
the  author.  The  historian  of  the  American  conflict 
who  will  be  revealed  when  some  ages  are  passed  over 
will  find  works  of  the  type  produced  by  Mrs.  Wright 
as  suggestive  and  illuminating  as  the  diary  of  Pepys 
proved  to  Lord  Macaulay  while  engaged  in  the  prep 
aration  of  that  part  of  his  "History  of  England" 
which  relates  to  the  reign  of  Charles  II. 

Miss  Amy  Ella  Blanchard,  of  Baltimore,  has  at 
tained  distinguished  success  as  a  writer  of  stories  for 
children.  Her  range  is  varied  and  her  power  of  pro 
duction  seemingly  inexhaustible.  She  is  gifted  in  a 
marked  degree  with  the  faculty  of  appealing  to  the 
taste  and  fancy  of  youthful  readers.  Miss  Blanchard 
has  developed  such  facility  in  the  creation  of  stories 
that  no  enumeration  represents,  except  to  a  limited 
extent,  the  measure  of  her  accomplishment  in  her  spe 
cial  sphere.  Among  those  that  she  has  already  pub 
lished  may  be  named:  Holly  Berries;  Wee  Babies; 
My  Own  Dolly;  Twenty  Little  Maidens;  Two  Girls; 
Girls  Together;  Bonny  Leslie  of  the  Border;  Two1 
Maryland  Girls;  A  Gentle  Pioneer;  A  Little  Tomboy; 
Little  Miss  Oddity;  A  Loyal  Lass;  Because  of  Con 
science;  A  Heroine  of  1812;  Dimple  Dallas;  A  Daugh 
ter  of  Freedom;  Her  Very  Best;  An  Independent 
Daughter;  A  Dear  Little  Girl;  A  Revolutionary  Maid; 
Miss  Vanity;  Taking  a  Stand;  Betty  of  Wye;  Three 
Pretty  Maids;  Janet's  College  Career;  Life's  Little 
Actions;  As  Others  See  Us;  Mabel's  Mishap;  Worth 


132  'AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND 

His  While;  The  Four   Corners  in   California;  Little 
Miss  Mouse;  Three  Little  Cousins. 

Among  the  dramatic  writers  of  Baltimore  Miss 
Louise  Malloy,  who  is  engaged  in  journalism,  is 
worthy  of  especial  recognition  and  commendation.  In 
addition  to  a  varied  range  of  literary  production  Miss 
Malloy  has  written :  The  Prince's  Wooing;  A  Woman 
of  War;  Ye  Maryland  Mayde.  The  last  mentioned 
was  presented  with  marked  success  under  the  au 
spices  of  the  "Poe  Memorial  Association"  in  May, 
1910. 

Mrs.  Carlton  H.  Shafer,  for  many  years  a  resi 
dent  of  Maryland  is  an  active  and  energetic  laborer 
in  the  literary  field,  as  is  attested  by  the  following 
works:  The  Day  Before  Yesterday,  1904;  Beyond 
Chance  of  Change,  1904.  Mrs.  Shafer  is  a  diligent 
contributor  to  periodical  literature  and  is  the  author 
of  several  scholarly  and  suggestive  articles  for  the 
"Historic  Town  Series,"  notably  those  relating  to 
Annapolis  and  Frederick.  She  has  also  ventured  into 
the  sphere  of  poetry  and  a  number  of  her  creations 
in  verse  have  appeared  in  the  columns  of  one  of  the 
most  critical  contemporary  journals.  Mrs.  Shafer 
has  recently  edited  a  "Memoir  of  Rev.  Osborne  Ingle, 
D.D.,  Rector  of  All  Saints'  Parish,  Frederick,  Md." 
This  memoir  commends  itself  by  a  delicate  blending 
of  devotion  to  the  subject,  genuine  appreciation,  a 
discerning  estimate  of  character,  as  well  as  an  ab 
sence  of  overwrought  and  untempered  eulogy.  In 


AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND  133 

its  difficult  and  dangerous  province  it  serves  as  an 
admirable  model  and  illustration. 

Mrs.    Frances    Hubbard    Litchfield    Turnbull,    a 

native  of  New  York  and  resident  of  Baltimore,  is  the 
author  of  The  Catholic  Man,  which  is  regarded  as  a 
delineation  of  the  character  of  Sidney  Lanier;  V el- 
Maria;  The  Golden  Book  of  Venice  and  The  Modern 
Need  of  the  Ideal.  Mrs.  Turnbull  is  conspicuous  in 
literary  enterprise.  She  was  one  of  the  originators  of 
the  "Woman's  Literary  Club"  of  Baltimore,  and  to 
gether  with  her  husband,  Lawrence  Turnbull,  she 
founded  the  "Percy  Turnbull  Lectureship"  at  Johns 
Hopkins  University.  Her  place  among  the  most 
energetic  and  devoted  workers  in  the  sphere  of  in 
tellectual  culture  is  thoroughly  assured. 

Mrs.  Alice  E.  Lord  of  Baltimore,  is  an  active  and 
enthusiastic  student  of  literature,  heartily  participating 
in  every  movement  which  looks  to  its  advancement 
Mrs.  Lord  has  written  The  Days  of  Lamb  and  Cole 
ridge;  A  Symphony  in  Dreamland,  a  collection  of 
poems,  some  of  them  displaying  unusual  grace  and 
sensibility ;  Life  and  Struggles  of  Columbus:  The  Man 
of  Destiny. 

Miss  Mary  Virginia  Wall,  born  in  Virginia  but 
a  resident  of  Baltimore,  has  published  The  Daughter 
of  Virginia  Dare,  1908,  an  attractive  and  ingeniously 
constructed  story  of  early  colonial  life  in  North  Caro 
lina  and  Virginia,  the  essential  incidents  in  its  de 
velopment  being  associated  with  the  English  settle- 


i34  AUTHORS  OB  MARYLAND 

ments  upon  Roanoke  Island  and  the  foundation  of 
Jamestown  at  a  later  day.  Historical  truth  and  ro 
mantic  fantasies  are  woven  into  a  harmony  as  the 
evolution  of  the  narrative  advances  toward  its  auspic 
ious  and  happily  conceived  result. 

Mrs.  Marshall  Winchester,  of  Baltimore,  is 
gifted  with  marked  literary  faculty  in  the  sphere  of 
the  drama.  The  leading  critical  reviews  have  spoken 
of  her  work  in  terms  of  strong  commendation.  My 
Lady  Incognito  may  be  named  as  an  illustration  of 
her  most  effective  and  skilful  creations  in  the  field 
which  she  has  made  especially  her  own. 

Foremost  among  the  women  of  Maryland  who  have 
won  fame  in  the  field  of  literary  scholarship  is  Miss 
Florence  Trail,  of  Frederick.  Miss  Trail  has  pro 
duced  four  books,  each  of  which  has  been  received 
with  marked  favor,  not  only  in  America  but  in  the 
critical  and  discerning  centers  of  European  culture. 
Her  Journal  in  Foreign  Lands  appeared  in  1884.  Her 
second  book,  Studies  in  Criticism,  in  1885.  In  1894, 
Under  the  Second  Renaissance,  a  story  of  the  stage, 
was  published  and  in  1904,  A  History  of  Italian 
Literature.  This  last  enjoys  a  rare  distinction  as 
being  the  only  history  of  its  kind  ever  written  or  pub 
lished  by  an  American.  It  illustrates  and  exhibits 
the  characteristic  features  of  an  ideal  literary  narra 
tive  and  may  be  pronounced  in  all  candor  of  judg 
ment  the  most  scholarly  work  that  has  been  given  to 
the  world  by  a  Maryland  woman.  The  innate  charm 
of  the  subject  readily  adapts  or  adjusts  itself  to  the 


AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND  135 

delicate  touch  of  an  accomplished  lady,  for  Italy  is 
still,  as  in  the  day  of  her  Dante  and  the  Renaissance, 
the 

"Woman  country,  woo'd,  not  wed, 
Adored  by  all  male  lands." 

Miss  Trail's  Studies  in  Criticism,  1909,  is  deserving 
of  cordial  praise.  The  final  chapter  which  is  an 
analysis,  as  well  as  a  concise  and  luminous  review  of 
art  development  from  its  earliest  phases  to  the  Italian 
Renaissance,  is  the  preeminent  charm  and  glory  of  the 
work.  It  abounds  in  mbtle  suggestion  and  is  marked 
by  an  originality  of  conception  which  carries  into  a 
literary  essay  something  of  the  creative  fragrance 
and  power  of  the  supreme  artistic  world.  No  Amer 
ican  woman  has  ever  attained  a  higher  and  purer 
flight  than  Miss  Trail  in  the  closing  pages  of  this  re 
markable  work. 

Mrs.  John  C.  Wrenshall,  born  in  Georgia,  was 
elected  president  of  the  "Woman's  Literary  Club"  of 
Baltimore  in  May,  1898,  and  has  been  unanimously 
re-elected  each  year  since  that  time.  Mrs.  Wrenshall 
is  a  center  of  activity  in  the  literary  sphere  and  is  en 
dowed  with  the  gift  of  organization  and  administra 
tion  as  well  as  the  faculty  of  creation  or  production 
and  the  power  to  inspire  and  guide  the  energies  of 
others.  She  has  been  the  originating  force  in  the 
formation  of  many  other  clubs,  among  them  the 
"Maryland  Folk  Lore  Society,"  the  "Aubudon  So 
ciety,"  the  "Quadriga  Club"  and  "L' Alliance  Fran- 
gaise,"  in  all  of  which  she  has  been  vice-president. 


J36  AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND 

Mrs.  Wrenshall  organized  the  "Edgar  Allan  Poe 
Memorial  Association''  in  1907,  and  has  been  its  only 
president.  She  is  a  member  of  the  "Royal  Asiatic 
Society"  of  London,  and  has  been  invited  to  contribute 
to  its  journal.  She  holds  the  first  class  medal  from 
"L' Alliance  Franchise,"  bestowed  in  recognition  of 
her  efforts  in  founding  the  Baltimore  group  of  L' Al 
liance.  The  medals  are  made  in  the  Government 
Mint,  this  one  being  the  work  of  the  celebrated 
medallist,  Daniel  Dupre.  Mrs.  Wrenshall's  especial 
lines  of  work  are  archaeological  research,  Egypt,  India 
and  America. 

Among  those  who  have  won  marked  success  either 
as  literary  contributors  to  leading  journals  or  as 
writers  of  stories  that  have  proved  eminently  popular, 
Mrs.  Percy  M.  Reese,  Miss  Emily  Paret  Atwater, 
Miss  May  Irene  Coppinger,  Mrs.  Wrenshall  Mark- 
land  and  Miss  Louise  Osborne  Haughton  are  en 
titled  to  special  recognition.  Miss  Fannie  K.  Reiche 
is  worthy  of  hearty  commendation  for  her  admirable 
critical  appreciation  of  the  work  of  Miss  Katherine 
Pearson  Woods,  "Library  of  Southern  Literature/' 
The  same  comment  is  applicable  to  the  review  of  Miss 
Lizzette  W.  Reese,  by  Mrs.  Wrenshall,  and  that  of 
Mrs.  Lucy  M.  Thruston,  by  Miss  Emily  Emerson 
Lantz. 


vni 

MARYLAND  AUTHORS  OF  THE  LATTER  PART  OF  THE 

NINETEENTH  AND  THE  FIRST  PART  OF  THE 

TWENTIETH   CENTURY. 


CHAPTER   VIII 

MARYLAND  AUTHORS  OF  THE  LATTER  PART  OF  THE 

NINETEENTH  AND  THE  FIRST  PART  OF  THE 

TWENTIETH  CENTURY. 

It  is  the  object  of  this  final  chapter  to  present  an 
accurate  and  comprehensive  view  of  literary  develop 
ment  in  Maryland  from  the  closing  decades  of  the 
nineteenth  century  to  the  present,  with  its  unfolding 
and  expanding  intellectual  life.  So  far  as  practicable 
a  strict  adherence  to  chronological  order  has  been 
maintained  throughout  the  work. 

The  years  that  mark  the  passing  of  the  last  cen 
tury  and  the  coming  of  the  twentieth  have  seen  in 
Maryland  a  tendency  toward  the  forms  of  literary 
growth  in  which  scholarship,  minute  and  critical  re 
search  in  special  spheres,  have  been  a  dominant  ele 
ment.  The  work  of  Palmer  and  Randall  had  virtually 
ceased  and  their  notes  were  seldom  heard  after  1900. 
The  last  quarter  of  a  century  reveals  a  rich  harvest  of 
research  in  native  history,  local  tradition,  political  and 
economic  problems  and  the  mysterious  questionings 
which  are  involved  in  the  science  of  philology.  At  the 
same  time  the  poetical  standard  has  been  maintained  by 
the  rare  lyric  gifts  of  Father  Tabb  and  Miss  Reese, 
while  a  strong  and  productive  power  in  romance  and 
fiction  has  bloomed  into  luxuriant  life  with  the  ap 
pearance  of  Miss  Woods  and  Mrs.  Thruston.  That 
the  women  writers  are  becoming  a  recognized  and 


140  AUTHORS  OF.  MARYLAND 

forceful  element  in  the  literature  of  Maryland  is 
amply  attested  by  the  many  admirable  creations  in  the 
varied  ranges  of  history,  biography,  fiction,  bearing 
the  names  of  ladies  recorded  in  this  volume. 

Charles  Peale  Didier,  of  Baltimore  (born  1869 — 
died  1900),  passed  away  in  the  flower  of  his  early 
manhood.  There  was  revealed  in  his  life  and  work  a 
happy  blending  of  the  literary  and  the  artistic  tem 
perament.  Under  more  auspicious  conditions,  length 
of  years  and  matured  unfolding  of  power,  he  might 
have  broadened  into  a  Maryland  Rossetti.  His  special 
art  was  portraiture  in  which  his  excellence  may  be 
described  as  ancestral,  but  in  authorship  there  was  a 
promise  of  rich  development  which  was  brought  to  a 
close  by  his  death  in  the  dawning  of  his  fame.  His 
'Twixt  Cupid  and  Croesus,  or  the  Exhibits  in  an  At 
tachment  Suit,  1896,  was  a  marked  success,  attaining 
in  its  several  editions  a  sale  of  17,000  copies.  This 
happy  venture  was  succeeded  by  a  novelette  entitled 
R.  S.  V.  P.,  which  was  illustrated  by  the  author.  Mr. 
Didier's  last  work,  Would  Any  Man,  is  a  novel  of 
striking  originality,  being  marked  by  an  extraordinary 
skill  in  dealing  with  delicate  and  complex  situations. 
His  ability  to  illustrate  his  own  characters  contributed 
essentially  to  the  charm  of  his  stories.  An  appreci 
ative  and  discriminating  estimate  of  his  literary  career 
has  been  written  by  Eugene  L.  Didier,  of  Baltimore. 

Rev.    Theodore    Charles    Gambrall,    A.M.,    D.D. 

(born  in  Baltimore,   1840 — died   1897),  obtained  his 


'AUTHORS  OP  MARYLAND  141 

more  advanced  education  in  the  School  of  Letters  of 
the  University  of  Maryland  where  he  received  the  de 
gree  of  B.A.  in  1861  and  the  degree  of  M.A.  in  1864, 
and  where  he  held  the  chair  of  mathematics  from  1863 
to  1866.  In  the  midst  of  his  parochial  duties  at  St. 
James'  in  Anne  Arundel,  he  found  time  for  loving  and 
careful  research  into  its  history  and  parish  records 
from  its  foundation  in  1694.  These  researches,  with 
sidelight  on  contemporaneous  events,  he  embodied  in 
a  volume  of  great  value  entitled  Church  Life  in  Colon 
ial  Maryland.  The  author  is  evidently  a  steadfast 
Episcopalian  yet  his  breadth  of  mind  enables  him  to 
see  defects  in  churchly  doings  and  to  catch  the  un 
conscious  humor  of  the  sturdy  pioneers  of  the  olden 
day. 

His  other  publication,  in  1893,  entitled  Studies  in 
the  Civil,  Social  and  Ecclesiastical  History  of  Early 
Maryland,  consists  of  a  series  of  lectures  on  general 
colonial  history  delivered  at  the  Maryland  Agricul 
tural  College.  While  large  in  hope  this  latter  volume 
lacks  the  intense  quick  interest  and  the  "closeness  to 
the  original  sources"  which  mark  its  predecessor. 

Dr.  Herbert  Baxter  Adams  (born  in  Amherst, 
Mass.,  1850 — died  1901)  is  entitled  to  especial  com 
memoration  among  the  representative  authors  and  re 
searchers  of  Maryland  in  the  department  of  history. 
He  was  educated  at  Amherst  College  and  in  the  Uni 
versity  of  Heidleberg  and  subsequently  occupied  the 
chair  of  Professor  of  History  in  Johns  Hopkins  Uni 
versity.  He  exerted  a  strong  influence  for  good  upon 


142  AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND 

those  who  were  in  contact  with  him  in  the  lecture 
room  or  the  seminary  by  arousing  in  them  a  zeal  for 
research  and  leading  to  productive  effort,  especially 
in  comparatively  unexplored  phases  of  the  historical 
field.  His  labors  during  his  connection  with  the  Johns 
Hopkins  University  had  a  decided  effect  in  elevating 
the  character  of  instruction  and  in  stimulating  investi 
gation  in  his  special  sphere  in  the  colleges  and  uni 
versities  of  the  United  States. 

Among  his  varied  contributions  to  his  subject  may 
be  enumerated  a  series  of  historical  monographs, 
published  under  the  auspices  of  the  Department  of 
Education,  exhibiting  the  development  of  higher  edu 
cation  in  Maryland  and  in  the  Southern  States,  and 
edited  by  him;  among  these  the  History  of  William 
and  Mary  College  is  characterized  by  rare  interest  of 
subject  as  well  as  peculiar  charm  and  value  to  the  stu 
dent.  He  also  edited  ''Baltimore  in  1861,"  by  George 
William  Brown.  Dr.  Adams  was  an  assiduous  collector 
of  statistics  illustrating  the  progress  of  historical  in 
struction  in  American  colleges  and  universities.  He 
was  an  energetic  student  of  historic  origins,  social, 
educational,  political,  and  some  admirable  results  were 
accomplished  by  his  pupils  in  these  spheres  of  research 
as  the  outcome  of  the  inspiration  which  he  had  com 
municated  by  his  personal  example. 

No  incident  of  his  professional  career  was  the  sub 
ject  of  so  much  hostile  criticism  as  his  eulogy  upon 
John  Brown,  to  whom  he  assigned  a  place  among  the 
heroes  and  martyrs  of  the  modern  world.  See 
"Chatauqua  Journal,"  July  6th,  1897.  It  should  be 


AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND  143 

added,  however,  in  justice  to  Dr.  Adams,  that  he  sub 
sequently  modified  his  opinion,  acknowledging  that  his 
estimate  of  Brown  was  in  a  measure  to  be  attributed 
to  a  lack  of  critical  acquaintance  with  the  episode  at 
Harper's  Ferry  in  October,  1859. 

Rev.  Dr.  Benjamin  Szold  (born  in  Hungary,  1829 
• — died  1902)  passed  the  greater  part  of  his  active  life  in 
Baltimore.  Dr.  Szold  was  one  of  the  foremost  lights 
of  his  time  in  the  sphere  of  biblical  criticism.  In  ad 
dition  to  his  far-reaching  acquaintance  with  the  purest 
form  of  the  Hebrew  language  he  was  endowed  with  a 
rare  and  delicate  literary  appreciation  as  well  as  a 
genuine  poetic  sensibility.  No  scholar  of  contempor 
ary  days  was  gifted  with  a  more  discerning  apprehen 
sion  of  grace  and  beauty  as  revealed  through  the 
medium  of  style,  whether  in  its  ancient  or  its  modern 
types,  in  Hebrew  or  in  English.  His  mastery  of  the 
former  is  attested  by  his  Commentary  upon  the  Book 
of  Job,  written  in  classical  Hebrew,  1886.  His  com 
mand  of  the  latter  is  illustrated  by  his  Interpretation 
of  the  Eleventh  Chapter  of  the  Prophecy  of  Daniel, 
as  well  as  special  essays  or  contributions  which  dis 
play  his  subtle  grasp  upon  the  complexities  and 
anomalies  of  English  idiom.  His  minute  and  de 
tailed  knowledge  of  the  Old  Testament  Scriptures  can 
be  estimated  in  adequate  measure  only  by  those  who 
were  so  fortunate  as  to  fall  within  the  sphere  of  his 
personal  as  well  as  his  intellectual  influence.  The 
phraseology  of  the  Old  Testament  had  become  to  him 
a  second  vernacular  and  in  addition  to  this  rich  ac- 


144  AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND 

quirement  there  was  the  sway  over  other  tongues,  not 
an  empirical  familiarity  alone,  but  a  mastery  of  their 
idiosyncrasies,  their  rhythmic  genius,  their  inward 
deeps. 

Rev.  Joseph  T.  Smith,  D.D.  (born  1818— died 
1906),  was  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  for  many  years 
pastor  of  the  Central  Presbyterian  Church,  Baltimore. 
Dr.  Smith  was  the  author  of  Eighty  Years,  Embracing 
a  History  of  Presbyterianism  in  Baltimore,  1899.  This 
book  is  marked  by  unusual  interest,  not  for  those  in 
sympathy  with  Presbyterian  polity  and  doctrine  alone, 
but  for  the  student  of  ecclesiastical  history  and  theo 
logical  development  contemplated  from  whatever  point 
of  view.  The  writer's  knowledge  is  far  reaching  as 
well  as  accurate  in  detail  and  his  style  is  simple  and 
chaste.  Though  firm  in  his  convictions  and  cherish 
ing  his  Presbyterian  traditions  with  inflexible  de 
votion,  Dr.  Smith  is  temperate  and  dignified  in 
language,  even  in  the  presentation  of  the  most  thrilling 
phases  of  his  history,  embracing  the  period  extending 
from  1861  to  1866.  Acrimony  and  vindictiveness 
formed  no  part  of  his  nature  if  one  may  base  a  judg 
ment  upon  the  calmness  and  moderation  which  reveal 
themselves  in  the  dramatic  and  appealing  stages  of  his 
instructive  narrative. 

Daniel  M.  Henderson  (born  in  Glasgow,  1851 — 
died  in  Baltimore,  1906),  with  his  profession  as  a 
bookseller  blended  a  genuine  love  of  the  muses.  He 
published  A  Bit  Bookie  of  Verse  in  the  English  and 


'AUTHORS  0'#  MARYLAND  145 

Scots  Tongue  and  Poems,  Scottish  and  American. 
Mr.  Henderson  was  endowed  with  rare  poetic  grace 
and  sensibility.  Some  of  the  vital  issues  of  the  age  he 
idealized  with  vigor,  purity  and  a  strain  of  pathos  at 
times  marked  by  an  almost  resistless  power  of  appeal. 
His  poems  in  the  Scotch  dialect  are  especially  im 
pressive  as  a  living  utterance  breathed  through  a 
medium  that  yielded  its  literary  ascendancy  to  the  all- 
conquering  southern  English  more  than  three  centur 
ies  ago.  The  so-called  Scottish  dialect  of  modern  days 
is  a  caricature  and  travesty  like  the  euphuism  of  Sir 
Percie  Shafton  or  the  hybrid  compounds  of  Spenser, 
who,  in  the  judgment  of  Ben  Johnson  "writ  no 
language."  Even  Burns  is  lacking  in  its  mastery  as 
an  original,  native  form,  and  as  he  grew  in  years 
tended  more  and  more  to  anglicize  his  speech.  His 
dialect  is  in  large  measure  an  expedient.  Mr.  Hen 
derson  has  demonstrated  his  right  to  be  regarded  as  a 
true  poet.  The  flavor  of  his  ancestral  soil  mingles 
with  the  bracing,  eager  and  unrestful  life  of  his 
adopted  country  and  the  genius  of  both  nationalities 
is  reflected,  as  well  as  harmonized,  in  the  verse  he  has 
left  us.  His  son,  Mr.  D.  M.  Henderson,  Jr.,  has  pro 
duced  a  number  of  poems  which  indicate  rare  promise 
and  are  a  prophecy  of  rich  achievement  in  the  walks 
of  the  muses. 

Charles  Edward  Phelps  (born  1833 — died  1908) 
was  a  native  of  Vermont  who  removed  to  Baltimore 
in  1841.  He  was  a  lawyer  and  jurist,  a  member  of  the 
Supreme  Bench  of  Baltimore,  served  with  distinction 


146  AUTHORS  OB  MARYLAND 

in  the  Union  army,  was  elected  to  Congress  and  was 
conspicuous  as  an  antagonist  of  James  G.  Blaine ;  was 
an  assiduous  student  of  literature  and  maintained  with 
rare  ability  the  purest  culture  ideals  of  the  legal  pro 
fession  in  Maryland.  Judge  Phelps  was  a  lec 
turer  upon  law  in  the  University  of  Maryland,  his 
department  being  that  of  equity,  a  phase  of  his 
science  which  seemed  in  especial  harmony  with 
his  tastes  and  attainments.  He  was  the  author  of 
Juridical  Equity;  and  Falstaff  and  Equity,  1901.  The 
latter  of  these  illustrates  his  accurate  learning  and  fine 
discrimination  in  their  clearest  and  most  attractive 
light.  A  mere  observation,  a  passing  remark  of  Fal- 
stafFs,  which  the  commentator  ignores  and  the  reader 
fails  to  apprehend  in  its  far-reaching  significance,  is 
shown  to  be  a  local  allusion  of  the  keenest  interest  and 
perfectly  familiar  to  an  Elizabethan  audience.  From 
this  seemingly  slender  foundation  Judge  Phelps  con 
structs  an  ingenious  and  elaborate  account  of  the  con 
flict  then  in  progress  between  the  courts  of  common 
law  and  the  courts  of  chancery.  The  controversy  was 
fierce  and  manysided  in  character  and  naturally  ap 
pealed  to  the  all  embracing  eye  of  the  sovereign  dram 
atist.  It  was  the  Lord  Chancellor  confronting  the 
Chief  Justice,  the  inflexible  spirit  of  Coke  arrayed 
against  the  subtlety  and  servility  of  Bacon.  The  issues 
involved  were  among  the  producing  causes  that  found 
their  climax  in  the  great  constitutional  crisis  of  1642. 
The  book  is  to  be  commended  from  every  point  of 
view,  to  the  layman  and  the  lawyer,  the  lover  of 
literature  as  well  as  the  esoteric  researcher  in  the 


'AUTHORS  O'E  MARYLAND  147 

ranges  of  legal  history.  It  should  be  read  in  connec 
tion  with  the  work  of  Mr.  W.  C.  Devecmore,  "In  Re 
Shakespeare's  'Legal  Acquirements,' "  which  is  re 
viewed  in  the  succeeding  part  of  this  volume.  Each 
serves  in  a  measure  to  elucidate  and  interpret  the 
other. 

John  F.  Gontrum  (born  1857— died  1909)  was  a 
native  of  Baltimore  county.  He  received  his  scholastic 
training  at  St.  John's  College,  Annapolis,  and  devoted 
himself  to  the  study  of  the  law  in  the  practice  of  which 
he  attained  a  marked  and  assured  success.  The  love  of 
literature,  however,  was  perhaps  his  dominant  passion 
and  in  its  cultivation  through  the  medium  of  verse  he 
found  not  merely  recreation  or  relaxation  from  the 
absorbing  routine  of  the  bar  but  developed  a  genuine 
poetic  faculty  such  as  has  been  characteristic  of  some 
of  the  foremost  legal  lights  in  England  as  well  as  in 
America. 

Mr.  Centrum's  range  is  varied,  his  inspiration  being 
derived  from  rural  associations,  from  themes  that 
have  their  suggestion  in  patriotic  emotion,  in  delicate 
sensibility,  or  in  the  critical  and  discerning  appreci 
ation  of  the  supreme  masters  of  his  cherished  art. 
As  illustrating  the  highest  and  purest  type  of  his 
poetry  may  be  cited :  The  Old  Bridle  Path;  The  Whip- 
porwill;  Burns  and  His  Highland  Mary;  McKinley, 
Martyr;  Fort  McHenry;  Edgar  Allan  Poc;  John 
Milton,  which  had  its  origin  in  the  tercentenary  of  the 
birth  of  the  sovereign  master  of  the  seventeenth  cen 
tury,  December,  1908.  No  nobler  or  more  discrimi- 


148  AUTHORS  Op  MARYLAND 

nating  tribute  to  the  Puritan  poet  was  evoked  by  the 
occasion  which  elicited  the  interest  and  the  homage 
of  the  world  of  letters,  than  that  of  Mr.  Gontrum.  It 
may  be  accepted,  without  invidious  comparison,  as  his 
loftiest  and  most  finished  creation  in  his  favorite 
sphere.  In  an  accurate  classification  of  the  essential 
elements  which  enter  into  a  conception  of  true  art  in 
poetry,  the  tribute  to  Poe  should  be  placed  next  to 
the  eulogy  upon  Milton. 

Mr.  Gontrum  illustrated  the  standards  of  graceful 
and  comprehensive  culture  that  from  earliest  times 
have  adorned,  as  well  as  ennobled,  the  profession  of 
the  law  in  his  native  State  and  preserved  it  from 
descending  to  an  empirical  or  even  mercenary  level. 
His  Old  Bridle  Path  is  an  idyll  in  its  chaste  and  pensive 
style  and,  perchance  in  its  didactic  phase  a  revelation 
of  the  inner  self,  symbolical  of  many  lives  absorbed  in 
professional  careers  and  preeminently  of  those  that, 
engrossed  in  the  relentless  quest  of  the  law  retain 
through  all  this  fleshly  dress  and  sad  mechanic  exer 
cise  the  flavor  of  the  golden  age  and  still  find 
"A  distant  dearness  in  the  hill, 
A  secret  sweetness  in  the  stream." 

Daniel  Coit  Gilman,  LL.D.  (born  in  Norwich, 
Conn.,  1831 — died  there  in  October,  1908),  first  presi 
dent  of  Johns  Hopkins  University  as  well  as  first 
president  of  the  Carnegie  Institution  at  Washington, 
in  addition  to  his  varied  and  manifold  activities  in  the 
field  of  education  administration  and  organization, 
was  an  earnest  laborer  in  the  capacity  of  author  and 


AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND  149 

produced  more  than  one  book  which  has  an  especial 
interest  and  value  in  the  sphere  of  thought  to  which  it 
belongs.  Foremost  among  his  works  may  be  named : 
Inaugural  Address  at  Johns  Hopkins  University,  1876; 
University  Problems;  Introduction  to  De  Toqueville's 
'Democracy  in  America";  Life  of  James  Monroe, 
American  Statesmen  Series,  1883;  Life  of  James 
Dana,  Geologist;  Science  and  Letters  in  Yale;  Herbert 
B.  Adams;  The  Launching  of  a  University.  He  was 
also  a  contributor  to  leading  periodicals  and  editor-in- 
chief  of  "The  New  International  Cyclopedia."  A 
"Life  of  Dr.  Oilman,"  by  Dr.  Fabian  Franklin  has 
been  published,  1910.  It  is  characterized  by  many  of 
the  essential  requisites  of  an  ideal  biography,  sym 
pathy,  appreciation,  ample  and  critical  knowledge,  the 
revelation  and  the  portrayal  of  the  inner  life. 

Rev.  John  Bannister  Tabb  (born  in  Amelia 
county,  Va.,  March  22d,  1845 — died  at  St.  Charles 
College,  Ellicott  City,  November  I9th,  1909)  served 
in  the  Confederate  navy  and  was  for  a  time  a  prisoner 
of  war.  Upon  the  close  of  hostilities  he  made  his 
home  in  Baltimore  and  engaged  in  teaching  in  St. 
Paul's  school  and  then  at  Racine,  Wis.  In  1872  he 
became  a  convert  to  the  Catholic  religion,  pursued  his 
studies  at  St.  Charles  College,  being  instructor  in 
English  in  the  institution,  and  in  1884  was  admitted 
to  the  priesthood.  (He  had  been  a  clergyman  of  the 
Protestant  Episcopal  Church  before  he  entered  the, 
Catholic  communion.)  Among  his  devoted  friends 
was  Sidney  Lanier  who  had  been  his  fellow  prisoner 


150  AUTHORS  OF.  MARYLAND 

at  Point  Lookout.  During  his  closing  years  blindness 
fell  upon  the  poet-priest  as  it  did  upon  Milton. 

Among  Father  Tabb's  works  these  may  be  espe 
cially  named :  Poems  and  Lyrics;  An  Octave  to 
Mary;  Rules  of  English  Grammar;  Poems  Grave  and 
Gay  for  Children;  Two  Lyrics;  The  Rosary  in 
Rhyme;  besides  varied  contributions  to  English  and 
American  periodicals.  Two  of  his  works  in  particular, 
Evolution  and  Going  Blind,  are  preeminent  in  their 
blending  of  religious  faith,  philosophic  acceptance  of 
a  condition,  the  very  thought  of  which  suggests  despair 
and  the  finest  flavor  of  the  poetic  spirit.  In  his  epi 
grammatic  skill  Father  Tabb  was  equalled  by  few  con 
temporary  poets.  There  is  in  his  verse  at  times  a 
seeming  renascence  of  -the  Anglican  Herrick  and  the 
Catholic  Crashaw.  Exuberant  humor,  relentless  wit, 
a  love  of  rare  fantasies,  reveal  themselves  along  with 
the  fervor  of  ardent  devotion  as  they  manifest  their 
power  in  more  than  one  master  lyrist  of  the  seven 
teenth  century.  Some  had  hoped  to  see  Father  Tabb 
reproduce  in  varied  form  the  incident  of  our  Lord's 
first  miracle  at  Cana  of  Galilee,  which  inspired  the 
fadeless  lyrics  of  Crashaw,  written  during  his  college 
days  at  Cambridge. 

Father  Tabb's  discernment  was  clear  and  touched 
by  the  purest  fragrance  of  the  muses.  To  Shelley, 
Coleridge  and  Keats,  he  was  devoted.  Poe  he  re 
garded  as  without  a  peer  in  modern  literature  and 
was  his  uncompromising,  inflexible  champion. 

Like  the  supreme  poet  of  the  Puritan  age,  he  was 
a  musician,  a  sort  of  Abt  Vogeler  of  the  religious 


AUTHORS  OF,  MARYLAND  151 

world,  for  many  of  the  harmonies  which  he  evolved 
from  the  instrument,  it  may  be  assumed,  were  his  own 
creation  as  purely  <and  essentially  as  the  dreams  he 
wrought  into  rhyme  and  fashioned  into  metrical  form 
with  an  ease  and  grace  that  concealed  as  well  as  re 
vealed  the  art  which  shaped  the  finely  touched  result. 
The  accompanying  list  by  no  means  exhausts  his 
flights  of  song,  his  flashes  of  merriment,  the  all-per 
vading  humor,  at  times  within  the  range  of  the  child 
ish  intellect,  the  trust  that  manifests  its  power  in  his 
figure  of  a  fallen  sparrow,  his  Ave,  Sidney  Lanier, 
in  its  delicate  and  difficult  sphere,  scarcely  excelled  in 
the  creations  of  our  contemporary  poetry ;  his  Lonely 
Mountain;  Dust  to  Dust;  Confided;  December;  Con 
tent;  The  First  Snowfall;  Sheet  Lightning;  My  Mess 
mate. 

Southwell,  Herbert,  Crashaw,  Vaughan,  Keble, 
Newman,  Tabb,  nor  does  the  last  in  this  goodly  com 
pany  hide  his  diminished  head  when  placed  in 
comparison  with  those  who  preceded  him.  As  he  is 
contemplated  with  his  singing  robes  and  his  garlands 
about  him,  the  faith  is  stronger  than  ever  that  with 
the  increasing  years  his  fame  will  broaden  as  has 
that  of  those  who  heralded  his  coming,  until  he  is  a 
potent  voice  in  the  field  of  poetry  inspired  and  con 
secrated  by  religion,  as  well  as  diffusive  power  in 
the  purest  realm  of  lyric  art. 

Lawrence  McK.  Boyd  (born  1859 — died  May, 
1910),  a  native  of  Baltimore,  was  a  devoted  student 
of  poetry  and  cultivated  the  muses  with  far  more  than 


152  AUTHORS  OF,  MARYLAND 

ordinary  skill  and  success.  The  fact  that  Mr.  Boyd's 
active  years  were  absorbed  in  pursuits  which  involve 
the  severest  exercise  of  both  mental  and  physical 
energy,  of  itself  accords  to  his  work  in  the  field  of 
literature  an  especial  recognition  and  regard.  His 
range  is  varied,  the  diversity  of  theme  indicating  a 
marked  creative  faculty ;  the  vocabulary  suggests  an 
acquaintance  with  the  older  models  and  types  of  Eng 
lish  speech,  rich  in  robust  and  manly  words.  A 
critical  analysis  and  comparison  would  probably  assign 
first  place  to  Shenandoah  and  The  Wounded  Note. 
The  second  may  be  claimed  for  Congo  and  Poe. 

Charles  B.  Tiernan,  a  member  of  the  bar  of  Balti 
more,  has  published  two  works  of  unusual  interest 
and  value  to  the  student  of  genealogy  and  to  those 
who  recognize  the  importance  of  social  history  as  an 
essential  element  in  the  development  of  States  and  the 
foundation  of  character.  These  are:  The  Tiernan 
Family,  1898,  and  The  Tiernan  and  Other  Families  in 
Maryland,  1901.  These  books  reveal  the  most  at 
tractive  phases  and  the  purest  ideals  of  the  life  of  his 
native  .city  as  they  were  in  the  days  that  are  dead 
and  whose  charm  lives  only  as  a  memory  or  a  tra 
dition.  Mr.  Tiernan  in  his  years  of  dawn  was  a  part 
of  all  that  he  portrays  and  his  intellectual  culture  as 
well  as  his  intimate  relation  to  the  period  which  he 
describes,  render  him  the  herald  of  its  past  and  the 
appropriate  chronicler  of  the  winsomeness  and  grace 
of  which  it  was  the  example  and  the  illustration. 


AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND  153 

Dr.  William  Hand  Browne  (born  1828),  a  native 
of  Baltimore,  has  won  fame  in  several  fields  of  in 
tellectual  activity  as  author,  translator  and  researcher. 
In  all  that  relates  to  the  State  of  Maryland,  her  his 
tory,  literature,  traditions,  he  is  one  of  the  foremost 
authorities.  Among  his  varied  contributions  to  the 
subjects  of  which  he  is,  in  an  especial  sense,  the 
master,  may  be  named:  Maryland,  the  History  of  a 
Palatinate,  1884,  Commonwealth  Series;  George  Cal- 
vert  and  Cecilius  Calvert,  Barons  of  Baltimore;  The 
Clarendon  Dictionary,  a  Concise  Handbook  of  the 
English  Language;  Life  of  Alexander  H.  Stephens, 
prepared  jointly  with  Col.  Richard  Malcom  Johnston, 
1877.  Dr.  Browne  also  compiled  Heart  Throbs  of 
Gifted  Authors,  translated  "Greece  and  Rome"  from 
the  German  of  Falke,  edited  "Archives  of  Maryland," 
a  task  involving  immense  labor  and  research  and 
"Proceedings  and  Acts  of  the  General  Assembly, 
1637-1710."  He  has  also  edited  selections  from  the 
early  Scotch  poets,  Dunbar,  Lindsay,  Douglas.  In 
1896  he  edited  the  collected  works  of  the  late  Severn 
Teackle  Wallis.  Dr.  Browne  was  for  many  years  pro 
fessor  of  English  literature  in  the  Johns  Hopkins 
University ;  was  for  a  time  associated  with  the  man 
agement  of  Bledsoe's  "Southern  Review,"  and  was 
also  editor  of  "The  Southern  Magazine." 

James  W.  Bright,  Ph.D.,  is  a  native  of  Pennsyl 
vania.  He  received  his  scholastic  training  at  Lafay 
ette  College,  the  Johns  Hopkins  University  and  the 
University  of  Strasburg,  is  professor  of  the  English 


154  AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND 

language  and  Donovan  Professor  of  English  Litera 
ture  in  the  Johns  Hopkins  University.  Dr.  Bright 
has  edited  the  "Gospel  of  St.  Luke  in  Anglo-Saxon" 
and  "The  Four  Gospels"  in  the  West  Saxon  dialect. 
He  has  published  an  Anglo-Saxon  Reader  and  a 
treatise  upon  English  verse.  He  is  the  English  editor 
of  "Modern  Language  Notes."  As  a  student  of  our 
language  from  the  philological  point  of  view,  Dr. 
Bright  has  won  an  enviahle  fame.  His  influence  as  a 
teacher  and  investigator  has  been  stimulating  and  in 
spiring  and  has  tended  to  elevate  the  character  of 
English  scholarship  and  instruction  in  the  universities 
and  colleges  of  the  United  States. 

Basil  Lanncau  Gildersleeve  (born  in  Charleston, 
S.  C.,  October  23d,  1831)  received  his  early  scholastic 
training  at  the  college  in  his  native  city.  In  1849  ne 
graduated  at  Princeton  and  afterwards  pursued  his 
special  philological  studies  in  the  universities  of  Ger 
many,  taking  the  degree  of  Ph.D.  at  Gottingen  in 
1853.  In  1856  he  become  professor  of  Greek  in  the 
University  of  Virginia  and  in  1876  he  was  called  to 
the  same  chair  in  the  Johns  Hopkins  University.  Dur 
ing  the  War  between  the  States  he  served  as  a  volun 
teer  upon  the  staff  of  General  J.  B.  Gordon  and  was 
wounded  in  Early's  valley  campaign  in  the  autumn 
of  1864. 

Professor  Gildersleeve  may  be  regarded  as  the  fore 
most  representative  of  classical  scholarship  in  Amer 
ica  and  has  won  an  assured  as  well  as  steadily  expand 
ing  international  fame.  Each  of  the  historic  English 


AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND  155 

universities  has  conferred  upon  him  its  honorary  de 
grees.  In  1880  Professor  Gildersleeve  founded  the 
"American  Journal  of  Philology,"  the  medium  and  the 
inspiration  of  advanced  research  in  its  far  ranging 
and  ever  broadening  field. 

In  addition  to  a  series  of  Latin  text  books,  grammar 
and  primer,  he  has  published  the  works  enumerated 
in  the  accompanying  list :  Satires  of  Persius,  1875 ; 
The  Works  of  Justin,  Martyr,  1877;  The  Olympian 
and  Pythian  Odes  of  Pindar,  1885 ;  Essays  and 
Studies,  1890;  Greek  Classical  Syntax  from  Homer 
to  Demosthenes,  1900;  Hellas  and  Hesperia,  1910. 

Then  there  is  the  long  array  of  contributions, 
embracing  a  varied  range  "from  grave  to  gay,  from 
lively  to  severe"  made  to  lexicons,  cyclopedias,  period 
icals  ;  among  these  those  devoted  to  "The  Old  South" 
in  the  "Atlantic  Monthly"  are  worthy  of  special  ap 
preciation  and  regard. 

Professor  Gildersleeve  may  be  considered  as  form 
ing  in  his  teaching  and  achievement  an  epoch  in  the 
development  of  classical  philology  in  the  modern  world. 
It  is  no  easy  task  to  express  a  discriminating  judgment 
in  reference  to  so  ripe  and  comprehensive  a  range  of 
production,  in  a  field  minutely  specialized  and  touched 
to  the  subtlest  issues  by  the  process  of  differentiation. 
Still,  it  may  be  conceded  that  in  his  edition  of  "Pin 
dar"  and  above  all  in  the  introduction,  Professor 
Gildersleeve  is  revealed  in  his  purest  and  strongest 
light.  Here  he  stands  "first  by  the  throne,"  in  the 
new  heavens  of  scholarly  renown ;  for  the  fame  of  the 
scholar,  like  that  of  the  poet,  is  "no  plant  that  grows 


156  AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND 

on  mortal  soil."  One  of  the  distinctive  charms  of  his 
"Pindar"  lies  in  the  fact  that  the  philological  obses 
sion  has  not  eclipsed,  or  even  occulted,  the  delicate 
and  penetrating  literary  sense  which  is  characteristic 
of  the  commentator.  The  dialect  of  the  "Theban 
Eagle"  may  have  possessed  points  of  affinity  with  the 
plastic  and  fluent  speech  which  was  wrought  into 
matchless  form  by  Shakespeare,  and  they  have  been 
turned  to  rich  account  as  an  interpretive  and  illumi 
nating  power.  In  vigor  and  felicity  of  translation 
Professor  Gildersleeve  is  unexcelled.  To  him  it  is  not 
"the  death  of  understanding."  He  appreciates  the  vital 
truth  that  the  translator  must  be  lord  of  both  lan 
guages,  that  into  which,  as  well  as  that  from  which,  the 
rendering  is  made.  To  his  almost  unique  mastery  of  his 
mother  speech,  as  well  as  that  of  the  Greeks,  the  pre 
eminent  charm  and  flavor  of  his  English  versions  of 
sage,  lyrist  or  epic  master,  are  in  large  measure  to  be 
attributed.  In  the  sphere  of  classical  attainment  he  is 
a  primate  and  protagonist,  whether  contemplated  from 
the  viewpoint  of  American  traditions  and  standards 
or  regarded  in  the  light  of  those  loftier  ideals  which 
prevail  in  the  ancient  culture  lands  beyond  the  seas. 

James,  Cardinal  Gibbons  (born  in  Baltimore,  July 
23-d,  1834)  was  ordained  priest  in  1861,  was  Vicar 
Apostolic  of  North  Carolina  from  1868  to  1872, 
Bishop  of  Richmond,  Va.,  from  1872  to  1877,  Arch 
bishop  of  Baltimore  from  1877  until  he  was  invested 
with  the  insignia  of  a  Cardinal  in  June,  1886.  The 
following  list  attests  the  varied  and  continuous  activ- 


^AUTHORS  OB  MARYLAND  157 

ity  of  Cardinal  Gibbons  in  the  field  of  authorship: 
The  Faith  of  Our  Fathers,  1876,  a  defense  of  the 
Catholic  religion,  which  has  attained  a  circulation  of 
nearly  a  million  copies;  Our  Christian  Heritage,  1889; 
The  Ambassador  of  Christ,  1896;  Sermons  and  Dis 
courses,  1909 ;  as  well  as  contributions  to  the  foremost 
periodicals  of  the  country,  introductions,  prefaces,  etc., 
illustrating  the  range  and  diversity  of  his  literary  pro 
ductivity. 

The  works  of  Cardinal  Gibbons  have  exerted  a 
marked  influence  throughout  the  world  and  are  char 
acterized  by  classic  clearness  and  beauty  of  style,  force 
of  logic  and  vigor  of  thought.  As  literary  creations, 
contemplated  apart  from  their  religious  or  eccleciasti- 
cal  significance  they  have  an  assured  place  in  the 
language.  All  his  public  deliverances,  sermons,  lec 
tures,  addresses,  are  imbued  with  a  spirit  of  lofty 
patriotism,  a  keen,  suggestive  analysis  of  constitutional 
issues  and  the  complex  problems,  social,  civic,  ma 
terial,  which  enter  into  the  heart  of  modern  life.  No 
American  churchman  has  exercised  a  more  compre 
hensive  and  salutary  influence  upon  the  spirit  and 
character  of  his  own  time  than  Cardinal  Gibbons, 

W.  C.  Devecmon,  a  member  of  the  bar  of  Cum 
berland  and  a  distinguished  representative  of  the  legal 
profession  in  Maryland,  combining  literary  culture 
with  the  technical  attainment,  is  the  author  of  In  Re 
Shakespeare's  "Legal  Acquirements''  Notes  by  an 
Unbeliever  Therein,  1899;  The  Shakespeare-Bacon 
Controversy;  New  Shakespearana.  Mr.  Devecmon's 


153  AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND 

work  is  characterized  by  a  comprehensive  and  minute 
acquaintance  with  his  subject  which  is  the  outcome  of 
independent  research,  by  clear  and  acute  reasoning 
and  by  a  force  of  logic  that  not  even  the  most  halluci 
nated  of  his  adversaries  can  gainsay  or  resist.  His 
revelations  of  the  litigious  atmosphere  of  the  Shakes 
pearean  age  is  not  only  lucid  and  vigorous  but  is  a 
phase  of  the  complex  controversy  which,  strange  as  it 
may  appear,  has  never  been  developed  or  apprehended 
in  its  vital  relation  to  the  case,  by  any  of  his  pre 
decessors  in  this  long  drawn  and  still  seemingly 
undetermined  discussion.  His  book  sustains  the  an 
cient  tradition  of  the  Maryland  bar  of  a  culture 
distinct  from,  but  still  in  perfect  harmony  with,  at 
tainments  that  are  strictly  professional  in  aim  and 
character. 

No  man  whose  mind  is  in  a  rational  condition  can 
follow  Mr.  Devecmon's  line  of  argument  carefully  an,d 
continuously  and  retain  faith  in  the  legal  attainments  of 
Shakespeare.  His  reasoning  is  not  only  convincing 
but  resistless.  He  reveals  Lord  Campbell  in  a  light 
that  does  not  tend  to  enhance  respect  for  his  intellect 
ual  power  or  his  knowledge  of  the  law,  especially  as 
contemplated  from  an  historical  attitude.  Still,  his 
presentation  of  the  famed  author  and  jurist  in  no  sense 
exceeds  the  severity  of  judgment  which  characterizes 
Mr.  Atlee's  estimate  in  his  fascinating  work  upon  the 
"Victorian  Chancellors/'  One  may  read  Mr.  Devec- 
mon's  book  twice  with  a  sense  of  increasing  pleasure 
as  well  as  appreciation  of  its  excellence,  both  logical 
and  literary.  It  is  an  admirable  illustration  of  dia- 


AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND  159 

lectio    method    applied    to    the    solution    of    a     legal 
problem. 

Eugene  Lemoine  Didier  was  born  in  Baltimore, 
being  descended  from  an  ancient  Maryland  family, 
and  was  educated  at  Loyola  College.  He  abandoned 
his  original  intention  of  pursuing  a  commercial  career 
in  order  to  follow  the  strong  propensity  of  nature  and 
devote  his  life  to  the  pursuit  of  literature.  Mr.  Didier 
began  his  career  by  contributions  to  local  weeklies 
and  subsequently  to  leading  periodicals  such  as  "Ap- 
pleton's  Journal,"  the  "National  Quarterly  Review," 
the  "Catholic  World,"  etc.  He  was  the  principal 
founder  of  "Southern  Society,"  a  Baltimore  weekly 
which  enlisted  the  talents  of  such  lights  of  Southern 
literature  as  Simms,  Hayne,  Father  Ryan,  Cook  and 
Mrs.  Margaret  J.  Preston,  and  was  for  a  time  the 
Baltimore  editor  of  the  "Washington  Capitol,"  of 
which  the  brilliant  and  aggressive  Donn  Piatt  was  the 
chief.  At  an  early  period  of  his  development  Mr. 
Didier  iell  under  the  magical  charm  of  Poe's  verse, 
as  well  as  the  spell  of  his  art  in  the  sphere  of  prose 
fiction.  His  contact  with  this  master  spirit  may  be 
described  as  the  dominant  influence  that  has  inspired 
his  literary  life  and  the  best  and  purest  expressions 
of  his  varied  power  in  the  field  of  authorship  finds  its 
determining  or  originating  motive  in  his  exposition  of 
the  art  of  Poe  and  his  assiduous  endeavors  to  pluck 
out  the  heart  of  the  mystery  which  so  long  enveloped 
his  life.  Mr.  Didier  was  one  of  the  heralds  of  the  now 
prevailing  Poe  cult,  and  in  the  broadening  range  of 


160  AUTHORS  OF.  MARYLAND 

research  developed  by  his  author's  expanding  fame  he 
is  an  acknowledged  authority.  His  Life  of  Poe, 
which  appeared  in  1876,  has  passed  through  nineteen 
editions.  It  was  issued  in  the  year  succeeding  the 
dedication  of  the  monument  to  the  poet  in  Baltimore, 
November  I7th,  1875,  a  movement  which  marks 
definitely  the  first  stage  in  the  Poe  renascence,  with 
which  he  has  been  thoroughly  and  conspicuously  as 
sociated. 

In  1879  Mr.  Didier  was  so  fortunate  as  to  obtain 
possession  of  the  letters  that  Madame  Bonaparte  had 
written  to  her  father,  William  Patterson,  during 
her  residence  in  Europe.  These  historic  letters,  pub 
lished  in  "Scribner's  Monthly,"  June  and  July,  1879, 
were  incorporated  into  his  Life  and  Letters  of 
Madame  Bonaparte,  which  appeared  in  the  summer  of 
this  same  year.  The  work  achieved  so  marked  a  suc 
cess  that  four  editions  were  called  for  in  this  country 
in  one  month,  it  was  republished  in  England, 
passing  through  four  editions,  and  was  also  translated 
into  French  and  issued  in  Paris.  During  this  year, 
1879,  Mr.  Didier  was  a  strong  and  vigorous  advocate 
of  an  international  copyright  law  as  a  means  of  pro 
tection  to  American,  as  well  as  an  act  of  justice  to 
English,  authors,  his  views  being  embodied  in  a 
pamphlet,  entitled  American  Publishers  and  English 
Authors.  His  Primer  of  Criticism,  1883,  attracted  a 
far-reaching  interest  as  it  assailed  in  unsparing  lan 
guage  the  characteristic  defects  of  the  foremost  con 
temporary  writers  of  his  own  country.  In  1884  Mr. 
Didier  contributed  to  the  absorbing  interest  of  the 


AUTHORS  OB  MARYLAND  161 

presidential  campaign  by  his  pamphlet  The  Political 
Adventures  of  James  G.  Elaine,  in  which  the  mirror 
was  held  up  to  nature  and  the  character  of  his  original 
reflected  in  strong  and  brilliant  light  In  addition  to 
the  several  works  which  he  has  issued  beginning  with 
his  Life  of  Poe,  Mr.  Didier  has  been  during  his  entire 
literary  career  an  active  contributor  in  varied  fields  to 
a  number  of  our  leading  journals  and  periodicals,  cyc 
lopedias  of  literature,  etc.  In  June,  1909,  he  published 
The  Poe  Cult  and  Other  Poe  Papers,  embodying1  the 
results  of  prolonged  research  and  marked  by  a  frank 
ness  of  utterance  which  serves  at  times  as  a  grateful 
contrast  to  the  decorous  platitudes  and  conventional 
phraseology  of  the  indolent  and  irresponsible  reviewer. 

Eugene  Fauntleroy  Cordell,  A.M,.  M.D.,  (born 
at  Charlestown,  W.  Va.,  1843)  is  professor  of  the  his 
tory  of  medicine  and  librarian  in  the  Department  of 
Medicine  in  the  University  of  Maryland.  He  served 
with  distinguished  honor  in  the  Confederate  army, 
was  wounded  three  times,  twice  captured,  once  making 
his  escape,  and  was  especially  complimented  for 
gallantry.  He  received  the  degree  of  M.D.  from  the 
University  of  Maryland  in  1868. 

Dr.  Cordell  has  occupied  several  positions  of  honor 
and  trust  in  the  medical  institutions  of  Baltimore  and 
is  foremost  in  every  enterprise  having  for  its  aim  the 
advancement  of  culture  in  his  own  professional  sphere 
and  in  the  broader  field  of  literary  and  historical  ac 
quirement.  Among  the  notable  movements  with  which 
he  has  been  conspicuously  identified  are  the  founda- 


1 62  AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND 

tion  of  the  "American  Medical  College  Association," 
of  the  "Ladies  Auxiliary"  of  the  same,  and  the 
"Home  for  Widows  and  Orphans  of  Physicians." 

The  work  of  authorship  and  research  in  the  depart 
ment  of  medicine  represents  but  one  phase  of  Dr.  Cor- 
dell's  intellectual  activity.  In  addition  to  a  goodly 
array  of  technical  studies  he  has  contributed  to  the 
foremost  medical  journals  monographs,  special  in 
vestigations,  etc.,  Dr.  Cordell  is  the  author  of  the 
Medical  Annals  of  Maryland,  the  centennial  memorial 
volume  of  the  "Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  of 
Maryland,"  1903,  and  the  History  of  the  University 
of  Maryland,  in  two  volumes,  1907.  These  works 
involved  immense  research  and  multiform  labor  in 
their  preparation  and  are  regarded  as  the  highest 
authority  in  reference  to  the  renowned  and  ancient 
institution  to  whose  history  they  are  devoted.  To  his 
energy  and  inspiration  is  also  to  be  attributed  the 
existence  of  "Old  Maryland"  of  which  he  is  the  editor 
as  well  as  the  originator  and  which  blends  the  fine 
flavor  of  pure  literary  culture  with  its  scientific  or 
professional  character.  Dr.  Cordell  is  an  assiduous 
follower  of  the  muses  and  his  essays,  addresses,  etc., 
are  marked  not  by  critical  discernment  alone  but  by 
graceful  and  enobling  scholarship.  Among  these  his 
study  of  Horace,  of  Juvenal,  his  Latin  Ode,  Centen-. 
n'ial  of  the  University  of  Maryland,  1907,  his  Sketch 
of  Dr.  Wiesenthal,  are  worthy  of  especial  recognition 
and  commendation.  Dr.  Cordell  presents  a  happy  il 
lustration  of  the  union  of  the  literary  and  the  scientific 
temperaments.  It  is  an  ideal  harmony  and  has  been 


AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND  163 

frequently  revealed  in  the  foremost  lights  of  the  medi 
cal  profession  from  the  time  of  Sir  Thomas  Browne 
unto  the  present  day. 

Dr.  William  Osier  (born  in  Ontario,  Canada, 
1849)  was  formerly  professor  in  the  medical  depart 
ment  of  the  Johns  Hopkins  University.  Since  1905 
he  has  been  Regius  Professor  of  Medicine  in  the  Uni 
versity  of  Oxford.  In  addition  to  the  production  of 
treatises  of  marked  excellence  relating  to  his  special 
science  Dr.  Osier  has  found  time  to  devote  himself  to 
the  literary  and  spiritual  phases  of  modern  culture. 
His  characteristic  works  in  this  sphere  are  A  Discus 
sion  of  the  Immortality  of  the  Soul,  delivered  at 
Harvard  University;  Aequinimitas  and  Other  Ad 
dresses;  Life  of  Thomas  Linacre.  Among  the  his 
toric  lights  of  his  own  profession  Sir  Thomas  Browne 
seems  to  hold  the  foremost  place  in  his  regard,  in 
large  measure  by  reason  of  his  quaint  and  golden 
charm  of  style,  rich  in  stately  Latin  compounds  and 
resistless  in  its  rhythmic  grace. 

Dr.  Osier's  lecture,  Calvin  and  Servetus,  is  a  com 
prehensive  and  discerning  treatment  of  a  theme  that 
involves  all  the  resources  of  the  historian,  the  theolo 
gian  and  the  scientist,  and  one  that  acquires  intenser 
interest  as  we  recede  from  the  dramatic  period  of 
which  it  formed  so  notable  a  feature  into  the  broader 
and  ampler  light  of  the  contemporary  day.  Dr.  Osier 
is  an  eminent,  as  well  as  an  admirable,  illustration  of 
that  blending  of  technical  attainment  with  aesthetic 
culture  which  is  exhibited  in  many  masters  of  his 


164  'AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND 

profession  during  the  modern  stages  of  its  expansion 
and  development. 

Jacob  Harry  Hollander,  Ph.D.  (born  1871)  is  a 
native  of  Baltimore  and  Professor  of  Political  Econ 
omy  at  Johns  Hopkins  University.  He  has  been  en 
gaged  in  several  difficult  and  responsible  government 
commissions  and  is  an  active  leader  in  all  movements 
relating  to  municipal  advancement,  combining  an  as 
siduous  devotion  to  his  science  with  an  earnest  en 
deavor  to  apply  its  teachings  in  the  practical  life  of 
the  contemporary  world.  Dr.  Hollander  is  the  author 
of  Guide  to  Baltimore;  The  Cincinnati  Southern  Rail 
way;  The  Financial  History  of  Baltimore;  Studies  in 
State  Taxation;  Report  on  Taxation  in  the  Indian 
Territory;  Report  on  the  Debt  of  Samto  Domingo;  he 
has  been  a  varied  contributor  to  periodical  literature 
and  has  edited  "The  Letters  of  David  Ricardo  to  J.  R. 
McCulloh  and  to  Hutches  Trower."  He  is  a  devoted 
and  versatile  laborer  in  the  expanding  field  of  his 
chosen  science. 

Rev.  W.  T.  Russell,  D.D.,  formerly  associated 
with  the  Cathedral  in  Baltimore,  and  now  pastor  of 
St.  Patrick's  Church  in  Washington,  D.  C,  is  the 
author  of  Maryland,  the  Land  of  Sanctuary,  published 
1907.  The  work  reveals  in  every  stage  of  its  develop 
ment  a  wide  range  of  acquaintance  with  the  illustrative 
literature  relating  to  the  subject.  Father  Russell  has 
not  merely  assimilated  or  absorbed  the  labors  of  other 
researchers  in  this  fascinating  field  of  American  colo- 


AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND  165 

nial  history.  He  has  not  descended  to  the  piane  of 
compilation  or  reproduction.  Not  independent  investi 
gation  alone  but  the  personality  of  the  writer  may  be 
traced  in  every  feature  of  his  narrative.  Scholarly 
and  comprehensive  in  character  and  free  from  the 
painful  monotony  of  the  annalist  or  chronicler,  the 
book  establishes,  without  asserting  its  rank  as  one  of 
the  most  valuable  contributions  made  during  recent 
years  to  a  critical  knowledge  of  the  suggestive  and  il 
luminating  period  to  which  it  is  devoted. 

James  Mercer  Garnett,  LL.D.  (born  in  Virginia, 
1840)  received  his  scholastic  training  at  the  Univer 
sity  of  Virginia  and  in  the  universities  of  Germany; 
served  with  distinction  in  the  Confederate  army;  was 
President  of  St.  John's  College,  Annapolis;  Profes 
sor  of  English  in  the  University  of  Virginia  from 
1882-96.  He  has  won  enviable  fame  as  a  teacher  and 
student  of  English  and  is  entitled  to  rank  among  our 
foremost  English  scholars.  Dr.  Garnett  has  been  pro 
ductive  as  well  as  studious,  the  results  of  his  re^ 
searches  extending  into  a  variety  of  fields.  Among 
his  works  thus  far  issued  the  following  may  be  named 
as  deserving  of  especial  commendation:  Translation 
of  Beowulf,  first  edition  in  1882,  has  passed  through 
four  editions;  a  translation  of  Elene  and  Other  Anglo- 
Saxon  Poems;  A  History  of  the  University  of  Vir 
ginia,  1901 ;  edited  "Selections  in  English  Prose," 
1891,  frequently  reprinted;  "Hayne's  Famous  Speech 
to  which  Webster  Replied,  1830,"  published  in  1894; 
an  edition  of  "Macbeth,"  1897;  "Burke's  Speech  on 


166  AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND 

Conciliation  with  America,"  1901 ;  numerous  ad 
dresses,  reviews,  especially  the  latter,  which  have 
appeared  in  the  "American  Journal  of  Philology," 
"The  Nation,"  "The  Dial,"  "Transactions  of  the  Na 
tional  Educational  Association,"  "Modern  Language 
Association,"  etc. 

Dr.  Garnett's  edition  of  Beowulf  has  received  em 
phatic  endorsement  from  foreign  scholars  eminent  in 
English  philology. 

Dr.  Samuel  C.  Chew  (born  in  1837),  a  native  of 
Baltimore,  and  for  many  years  associated  with  the 
medical  department  of  the  University  of  Maryland, 
has  published  Addresses  on  Several  Occasions,  also 
Addresses.  Though  absorbed  in  an  active  and  dis 
tinguished  professional  career  Dr.  Chew  has  not  failed 
to  cultivate  with  enthusiasm  and  success  the  graces  of 
literature.  The  impress  of  his  labors  is  clearly  dis 
cernible  in  these  addresses  as  well  as  in  his  contribu 
tions  to  the  historic  issues  that  enter  into  the  life  of 
contemporary  civilization.  His  son,  Mr.  S.  C.  Chew, 
Jr.,  has  recently  published  an  appreciative  and  dis 
criminating  estimate  of  the  late  Algernon  Swinburne. 
In  addition  to  his  other  positions  of  dignity  and  re 
sponsibility  Dr.  Chew  is  President  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  the  Peabody  Institute. 

Henry  L.  Mencken  (born  1880),  a  Marylander, 
by  profession  a  journalist  and  author,  associated  with 
the  staff  of  the  "Baltimore  Sun,"  has  written  The 
Philosophy  of  Nieztsche,  which  was  favorably  re- 


AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND  167 

viewed  in  the  literary  columns  of  "The  Nation,"  as 
well  as  by  other  leading  critical  journals;  also  G.  Ber 
nard  Shaw,  His  Plays  and  Ventures  into  Verse. 
Journalism  and  pure  literature  are  capable  of  har 
monious  co-operation,  a  truth  illustrated  time  and 
again  in  the  history  of  the  great  dailies  which  are  the 
peculiar  propagandas  of  culture  in  England  and  France. 
Mr.  Mencken's  contributions  to  the  literary  columns 
of  the  "Baltimore  Evening  Sun"  are  marked  by  un 
common  range  and  variety  of  theme  and  are  fre 
quently  touched  by  fine  discernment  as  well  as  a 
genuine  faculty  of  appreciation. 

Harry  Snowden  Stabler,  a  native  of  Virginia  and 
resident  of  Baltimore,  although  absorbed  in  the  exact 
ing  pursuits  of  banking  has  found  time  to  cultivate 
the  graces  of  literature  in  his  lamplight  hours  and  has 
won  fame  as  a  writer  of  stories  which  have  appeared 
during  recent  years  in  "The  Saturday  Evening  Post." 
The  profession  of  the  banker  seems  to  be  endowed 
with  a  strongly  marked  affinity  for  the  culture  of 
literature.  This  is  attested  by  illustrations  so  signal 
as  those  of  Grote,  Roscoe  and  Edmund  Clarence  Sted- 
man.  Mr.  Stabler  has  revealed  the  inner  life,  one 
might  almost  say  the  romantic  phase  of  his  complex 
vocation,  as  it  has  seldom  been  seen  by  the  external 
world.  In  negro  dialect  stories  he  has  shown  himself 
especially  happy  in  setting  before  us  the  actual  living 
speech,  not  the  travesty  or  artificial  type  characteristic 
of  most  writers  who  have  essayed  this  sphere  of  lan 
guage  development. 


168  AUTHORS  OE  MARYLAND 

Dr.  Maurice  Fluegel  (died  1911),  of  Baltimore,  is 
an  author  of  wide  and  varied  range  in  the  sphere  of 
theology  and  philosophy.  Among  his  contributions 
may  be  named:  Thoughts  on  Religious  Rites  and 
Views;  The  Spirit  of  Biblical  Legislation;  Messiah — 
Ideal,  Vol.  I ;  Jesus  of  Nazareth,  Vol  1 1 ;  Paul  and  Mo 
hammed;  Gospel  and  Koran;  The  Zend-Avesta  and 
Eastern  Religions;  Israel,  the  Bible  People;  Philosophy 
and  Qttabbala;  Vedanta  and  Zohar;  The  Laws  of 
Moses;  The  Talmud.  Dr.  Fluegel  is  a  vigorous  con 
troversialist  and  has  forcefully  and  learnedly  with 
stood  some  of  the  views  advanced  by  Dr.  Paul  Haupt 
of  Johns  Hopkins  University,  especially  in  regard  to 
the  nationality  of  Jesus  Christ. 

Paul  Haupt,  Ph.D.  (born  in  Germany,  1858), 
professor  of  Semitic  Languages  in  the  Johns  Hopkins 
University,  is  editor  of  "The  Polychrome  Bible/'  of 
the  new  "Critical  Hebrew  Text  of  the  Old  Testa 
ment,"  and  is  co-editor  of  the  "Assyriological 
Library"  and  "Comparative  Semitic  Grammar,"  is 
author  of  The  Akkadian  Language;  The  Summerian 
Family  Lazus;  A  Babylonian  Nhnrod  Epoch;  The 
Cunieform  Account  of  the  Deluge;  The  Akkadian  and 
Summerian  Cunieform  Texts  in  the  British  Museum; 
and  has  also  contributed  a  wide  range  of  special 
articles  to  the  higher  forms  of  periodical  literature. 
Dr.  Haupt  is  regarded  by  many  of  his  colleagues  as 
tending  toward  iconoclasm  in  his  attitude  with  refer 
ence  to  certain  essential  questions  that  form  part  of 
the  historical  and  theological  life  of  the  Old  Testament 


AUTHORS  0£  MARYLAND  169 

Scriptures.  His  deliverances  in  respect  to  the  Aryan 
nationality  of  Jesus  Christ  have  elicited  vigorous  pro 
tests  from  theologians  and  critics  of  the  conservative 
school  in  all  parts  of  the  world  and  in  every  phase  of 
religious  thought. 

George  Washington  McCreary,  of  Baltimore,  is 
an  earnest  and  enthusiastic  worker  especially  in  the 
sphere  of  Maryland  history.  He  was  for  a  time  City 
Librarian  and  for  several  years  Secretary  of  the  Mary 
land  Historical  Society.  Among  his  various  contribu 
tions  to  the  advancement  of  historical  knowledge  may 
be  named  his  edition  of  The  Ancient  and  Honorable 
Mechanical  Company  of  Baltimore,  1901 ;  The  First 
Book  Printed  in  Baltimore  Town,  Nicholas  Hassel- 
bach's  Life  and  Work — the  book — a  Detection  of  the 
Conduct  and  Proceedings  of  Messrs.  Annan  and  Hen 
derson,  Members  of  the  Associate  Presbyteryfs\ 
Whole,  Sitting  at  Oxford  Meeting  House,  April  i8th, 
Anno  Doiwne,  1764,  Together  with  Their  Abettors, 
Wherein  is  Contained  Some  Remarks  by  John  Redick 
Le  Man,  1903.  Mr.  McCreary  is  a  distinguished 
graduate  of  the  Johns  Hopkins  University.  He  has 
concentrated  his  intellect  and  energy  from  his  early 
years  upon  the  promotion  of  historical  research  and 
has  labored  diligently  to  render  the  materials  requisite 
to  the  attainment  of  that  end  accessible  to  every 
student. 

Edward  H.  Ingle  (born  in  Baltimore,  1861)  is  a 
student  of  history  and  a  vigorous  contributor  to  the 


i;o  AUTHORS  OF.  MARYLAND 

progress  of  his  science.  He  has  written:  Parish  In 
stitutions  of  Maryland;  Captain  Richard  Ingle,  the 
Maryland  Pirate  and  Rebel;  Local  Institutions  of 
Virginia;  The  Negro  in  the  District  of  Columbia;  In 
the  Maze;  Southern  Sidelights.  Mr.  Ingle  is  associ 
ated  with  the  staff  of  the  "Baltimore  Manufacturers 
Record"  and  has  shown  himself  the  zealous  and  un 
compromising  champion  of  the  commercial  expansion 
of  Maryland  and  the  South.  His  articles  in  refer 
ence  to  the  so-called  "Ogden  Movement"  have  aroused 
a  far-reaching  interest  and  have  commanded  the 
respect  even  of  those  who  dissent  from  his  con 
clusions. 

J.  Leo  Crane  (born  1881),  a  native  of  Baltimore, 
has  won  great  success  as  a  writer  of  stories.  He  has 
grown  steadily  in  productive  power  as  well  as  in  range 
and  variety.  He  contributes  to  many  of  the  most 
popular  periodicals  of  the  day  so  that  his  creations 
have  the  widest  circulation,  their  innate  excellence 
combining  with  the  journals  which  publish  them  in 
accomplishing  this  result.  No  Maryland  author  has 
achieved  a  more  marked  success  in  his  peculiar  sphere 
of  fiction  than  Crane. 

Lynn  R.  Meekins,  a  journalist  by  profession,  is 
the  author  of  Robb's  Island  Wreck;  Adam  Bush,  and 
about  two  hundred  short  stories  contributed  to  leading 
journals  and  periodicals  which  have  won  a  deserved 
and  far-reaching  popularity. 


AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND  171 

Dr.  Allen  Kerr  Bond  (born  in  1859)  is  a  son  of 
Dr.  Thomas  E.  Bond,  Jr.,  and  received  his  scholastic 
training  at  the  Johns  Hopkins  University,  taking  the 
degree  of  Bachelor  of  Arts.  Though  devoting  him 
self  to  the  profession  of  medicine  and  contributing  to 
technical  journals  and  special  treatises,  the  rich  re 
sults  of  his  original  thought,  particularly  in  his  paper 
on  A  New  View  of  Sleep,  and  his  passion  for  litera 
ture,  have  not  failed  to  assert  their  energy  and  he  has 
been  especially  productive  in  themes  that  trace  their 
origin  to  rural  life  and  association.  These  have  ap 
peared  in  the  "Baltimore  Southern  Methodist"  and  in 
other  leading  religious  journals. 

S.  Z.  Ammen,  LL.D.,  a  native  of  Virginia  and  a 
graduate  of  Washington  and  Lee  University,  is  by 
profession  a  journalist,  being  associated  with  the  staff 
of  the  "Baltimore  Sun."  In  addition  to  his  editorial 
contributions  to  the  "Sun,"  which  are  marked  by 
varied  culture  and  lucid  diction,  Dr.  Ammen  is  the 
author  of  The  Ritual  and  Code  of  the  Kappa-  Alpha 
Fraternity,  which  he  founded ;  a  description  of  Luray 
Cave;  he  has  written  for  "Appleton's  Cyclopedia";  he 
has  also  written  A  History  of  Maryland  Troops  in  the 
Confederate  Army  and  has  occasionally  contributed  to 
leading  periodicals.  The  History  of  the  Second  Mary 
land  Infantry  and  Other  Maryland  Commands  (con 
tains  a  rich  accumulation  of  valuable  and  original  his 
torical  material. 

William    Theophilus    Brantly     (born     1852),    a 


172  AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND 

native  of  Georgia  and  resident  of  Baltimore,  is  Re 
porter  of  the  Court  of  Appeals  and  professor  in  the 
legal  department  of  the  University  of  Maryland.  Mr. 
Brantly  is  an  accepted  authority  upon  the  history  and 
development  of  the  law.  He  has  written:  The  Eng 
lish  in  Maryland;  Notes  on  the  Law  of  Contracts; 
Maryland;  has  edited  "Reports  of  Maryland  Courts 
Prior  to  1850,"  forty  volumes;  and  in  his  official 
capacity  has  edited  the  "Maryland  Law  Reports"  from 
volume  80  to  the  present  time.  He  also  wrote  a 
Historical  Sketch  of  the  Bench  and  Bar  of  Baltimore- 
City  for  "Nelson's  History  of  Baltimore,"  1898,  which 
is  one  of  the  most  valuable  and  instructive  features  of 
the  work. 

Dr.  Bartlett  Burleigh  James  (born  1866),  a 
native  of  Maryland,  is  a  special  student  of  history  and 
was  formerly  professor  in  Western  Maryland  College. 
He  has  continued  the  "History  of  Maryland,"  by; 
James  McSherry,  to  contemporary  times  and  is  the 
author  of  The  Labadist  Colony  in  Maryland;  The 
Colonization  of  New  England;  The  History  of  the 
American  Revolution;  History  of  the  Women  of  Eng 
land.  The  work  of  Dr.  James  has  been  strongly  com 
mended  by  our  leading  critical  reviews.  He  is  at 
present  engaged  in  journalism,  being  associated  with 
the  editorial  staff  of  the  "Baltimore  American,"  and 
is  a  forceful  as  well  as  accomplished  and  scfiolarly 
writer. 

A.  Leo  Knott  (born  1829),  a  native  of  Frederick 


AUTHORS  OB*  MARYLAND  173 

County,  Md.,  is  by  profession  a  lawyer.  He  has 
written  a  History  of  Maryland,  Its  Agricultural  Prod 
ucts,  Manufactures  and  Statistics,  and  has  contributed 
many  articles  to  the  press  bearing  upon  the  vital 
political  issues  of  the  day.  Mr.  Knott  is  an  ardent 
champion  of  the  constitutional  rights  of  the  people 
against  the  encroachments  and  abuses  of  arbitrary  and 
centralized  power. 

Folger  McKinsey,  the  "Bentztown  Bard"  (born 
at  Elkton,  Md.,  1866),  has  published  A  Rose  of  the 
Old  Regime  and  Other  Poems  of  Love  and  Childhood. 
Mr.  McKinsey  is  a  daily  contributor  to  the  poetical 
columns  of  the  "Baltimore  Sun"  and  is  endowed  with 
a  facility  in  versification  as  rare  as  it  is  sustained  and 
continuous.  The  flow  of  his  rhymes  may  be  likened 
to  a  vocal  current  unabating  in  energy  and  vigor  of 
movement.  Among  the  creations  which  reveal  the 
"Bentztown  Bard"  in  the  purest  light  may  be  named 
Randall  for  the  Hall  of  Fame,  "Baltimore  Sun," 
November  I7th,  1910.  This  appealing  and  almost 
perfect  tribute  of  the  living  to  the  dead  poet  should  be 
diligently  read  and  inculcated  at  every  fireside  and  in 
every  school  in  Maryland.  In  no  phase  of  his  varied 
range  in  poetry  does  Mr.  McKinsey  appear  in  more 
attractive  form  and  with  greater  power  for  noble  ends 
than  in  his  verses  designed  for  children.  It  may  be 
added  that  the  success  which  he  has  won  in  this  sphere 
is  a  marked  and  convincing  proof  of  the  excellence  of 
his  art.  The  "Baltimore  Sun"  of  November  6th,  1910, 


174  AUTHORS  OT  MARYLAND 

contains  a  tribute  to  the  "Bentztown  Bard,"  by  W.  L. 
K.  Barrett,  of  Baltimore. 

Lewis  Webb  Wilhelm,  (1854-1911),  a  native  of 
Baltimore,  by  profession  a  teacher,  was  a  special 
student  of  Maryland  history  and  accomplished  ex 
cellent  results  in  that  department.  He  is  the  author 
of  Sir  George  Calvert,  Baron  of  Baltimore;  Local  In 
stitutions  of  Maryland. 

Westal  W.  Willoughby,  Ph.D.,  a  Virginian  by 
birth,  is  Professor  of  Political  Science  in  Johns  Hop 
kins  University.  He  is  the  author  of :  The  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States,  Its  History  and  Ad 
ministrative  Importance;  Government  and  Admini 
stration  of  the  United  States;  The  Nature  of  the 
States — A  Study  in  Political  Philosophy ;  The  Amer 
ican  Constitutional  System;  The  Political  Theories  of 
the  Ancient  World;  Social  Justice,  a  Critical  Study; 
The  Rights  and  Duties  of  American  Citizenship. 

James  T.  Wilson,  of  Baltimore,  has  traveled  in 
many  lands.  Two  pleasing  and  attractive  narratives 
are  the  result :  Our  Cruise  in  the  Mediterranean  and 
Clear  Around. 

Christopher  Johnston,  Ph.D.  (born  in  Baltimore, 
1856),  is  Professor  of  Oriental  History  and  Archae 
ology  in  Johns  Hopkins  University  and  a  diligent  re 
searcher  and  explorer  in  his  chosen  field.  He  has 
contributed  largely  to  the  literature  of  his  subject 


AUTHORS  OF.  MARYLAND  175 

through  the  medium  of  lectures  and  special  articles  in 
the  leading  reviews,  and  has  produced  The  Epistolary 
Literature  of  the  Assyrians  and  Babylonians;  Gen 
ealogies  of  the  Members  and  Records  of  the  Services 
of  Ancestors,  a  work  of  rare  value  and  interest  pre 
pared  for  "The  Society  of  Coloniail  Wars." 

Martin  John  Vincent  (born  1857),  a  native  of 
Ohio,  is  Professor  of  European  History  in  the  Johns 
Hopkins  University.  He  is  the  author  of  Contribu 
tions  Towards  a  Bibliography  of  American  Plistory; 
American  Blue  Laws;  Government  in  Switzerland; 
Switzerland;  Herbert  B.  Adams,  Tributes  of  Friends; 
A  Bibliography  of  the  Department  of  History,  Johns 
Hopkins  University;  Switzerland  at  the  Beginning  of 
the  Sixteenth  Century;  Municipal  Government  in  the 
Twelfth  Century;  Municipal  Problems  in  Mediaeval 
Switzerland.  The  work  of  Dr.  Vincent  in  the  field  of 
Swiss  history  is  held  in  high  regard  in  the  intellectual 
centers  of  the  country,  such  as  Geneva,  and  its  ex 
cellence  is  a  subject  of  comment  in  university  circles 
and  among  special  students  in  that  sphere  of  research. 

Rev.  Louis  O'Donovan,  S.J.L.,  a  Baltimorean,  has 
published  Asscrtio  Septem  Sacramentorum,  or  a  De 
fence  of  the  Seven  Sacraments,  by  King  Henry  VIII 
of  England,  Preceded  by  a  Preface  by  His  Eminence 
Cardinal  James  Gibbons,  1908.  Whatever  the  stand 
point  of  the  reader  this  book  cannot  fail  to  command 
an  intelligent  and  appreciative  perusal  as  it  introduces 
one  of  the  most  critical  and  at  the  same  time  one  of  the 


176  AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND 

most  interesting  epochs  in  the  development  of  ecclesi 
astical  history.  The  English  rendering  of  King  Henry's 
Latin  commends  itself  by  its  raciness  and  vigor,  while 
admirably  preserving  the  spirit  of  the  original. 

Dr.  Fabian  Franklin,  for  many  years  a  resident 
of  Baltimore,  received  his  special  training  in  advanced 
mathematics  at  the  Johns  Hopkins  University  under 
the  guidance  of  Professor  J.  J.  Sylvester.  He  re 
linquished  its  exclusive  pursuit  and  entered  the  field 
of  journalism  as  leading  editorial  contributor  to  the 
"Baltimore  News."  Dr.  Franklin  prepared  the  ''Life 
of  Professor  Sylvester"  for  the  "Dictionary  of  Na 
tional  Biography,"  London,  his  selection  for  the  work 
implying  a  rare  tribute  to  his  skill  as  a  mathematician 
and  his  discernment  as  a  biographer.  In  1908  he  pub 
lished  a  volume  of  essays,  lectures  and  editorials 
drawn  from  the  columns  of  the  "Baltimore  News." 
In  1910  his  Life  of  Daniel  Colt  Oilman  appeared.  It 
may  be  justly  pronounced  a  suggestive,  discriminating 
and  finely  balanced  biography  of  the  first  president  of 
the  Johns  Hopkins  University.  Dr.  Franklin  has 
demonstrated  his  capacity  as  a  lucid,  vigorous  and  cul 
tured  writer  in  the  threefold  sphere  of  science,  jour 
nalism  and  biography. 

Rev.  Leander  M.  Zimmerman  (born  1866),  a 
native  of  Maryland,  a  clergyman  of  the  Lutheran 
Church  and  pastor  of  Christ  (Lutheran)  Church, 
Baltimore,  is  a  varied  and  active  contributor  to  litera 
ture  in  its  most  useful  forms.  His  manifold  works 
have  been  strongly  commended  by  the  leading  re- 


AUTHORS  OB  MARYLAND  177 

viewers  of  the  country.  The  range  of  his  production 
may  be  inferred  from  the  accompanying  list  oi  books : 
Daily  Bread  Eor  Daily  Hunger;  Sunshine;  How  to  Be 
Happy  When  Married;  The  Little  Grave;  Pearls  of 
Comfort;  Finding  His  Own  Lamb;  A  Word  to  the 
Troubled;  Book  of  Verses;  Yvonne;  Oil  of  Kindness; 
The  Family;  A  Wedding  Token;  Paths  That  Cross; 
Expositor's  Thoughts  on  Pilgrim's  Progress;  Children 
in  the  Kingdom.  Dr.  Zimmerman's  recently  issued 
story,  Dot,  has  been  received  with  marked  favor.  His 
God  and  the  Unsaved  or  How  to  Become  a  Christian^ 
has  met  with  cordial  approval  in  clerical  and  theologi 
cal  centers, 

Dr.  David  Marvel  Reynolds  Culbreth  (born 
1856),  a  native  of  Delaware  and  resident  of  Balti 
more,  in  addition  to  special  treatises  of  recognized 
excellence  upon  the  science  of  pharmacy,  has  written 
a  History  of  the  University  of  Virginia,  1908,  an  at 
tractive  and  stimulating  work,  not  merely  by  reason  of 
its  ample  and  critical  acquaintance  with  the  subject 
but  rich  in  reminiscences,  personal  incidents  and  il 
lustrations  drawn  from  life.  The  narrative  is  touched 
at  times  by  a  coloring  sufficiently  strong  to  produce 
vividness  of  impression,  without  arousing  dissent  or 
suggesting  even  a  demurrer  on  the  part  of  the  reader. 
The  portraitures  of  the  faculty  as  they  were  drawn 
by  Dr.  Culbreth  during  his  student  life,  are  imbued 
with  a  charm  and  revealing  power  seldom  attained  by 
the  cold  and  elaborate  procedures  of  formal  biography. 
The  most  discerning  and  effective  is  probably  the 


1 78  AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND 

sketch  of  Professor  Gildersleeve,  the  sole  survivor 
of  the  choice  and  master  spirits  who  were  the  glory 
and  ornament  of  the  institution  during  the  period  pre 
ceding  the  overthrow  of  the  ancient  Southern  civili 
zation. 

Rev.  Oliver  Huckel,  D.D.  (born  in  1864),  pastor 
of  the  Associate  Congregational  Church,  Baltimore,  is 
a  native  of  Philadelphia.  His  scholastic  training  was 
received  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  Harvard, 
Berlin  and  at  Oxford.  Though  absorbed  in  an  active 
and  distinguished  clerical  career  Dr.  Huckel  has  ap 
plied  himself  to  literature  with  marked  success  as 
author,  lecturer  and  translator.  So  varied  a  range  of 
attainment  is  not  frequently  revealed  during  an  age 
characterized  in  nearly  all  its  intellectual  phases  by  a 
rigid  and  unsympathetic  tendency  toward  extreme 
specialization.  One  who  has  achieved  success  as  an 
interpreter  of  the  sovereigns  of  the  musical  world  and 
as  an  expounder  of  the  master  lights  of  German  and 
Italian  poetry  as  well  as  the  lords  of  his  mother  speech 
is  almost  a  phenomenon  in  an  age  which  has  reduced 
its  culture  forms  to  isolated  types  and  converted 
the  grand  harmony  and  synthesis  of  knowledge  into 
an  impossible  dream.  Dr.  Huckel  is  one  of  the 
recognized  forces  in  all  that  makes  for  intellectual 
advancement  in  Baltimore  and  in  Maryland.  The  fol 
lowing  list  will  illustrate  the  diversity  as  well  as  the 
ample  measure  of  his  literary  productivity:  The 
Larger  Life;  The  Melody  of  God's  Love;  Higher 
Education  and  the  Common  People;  The  Modern 


AUTHORS  OF.  MARYLAND  179 

Study  of  Conscience;  The  Faith  of  Our  Fathers  and 
the  Faith  of  the  Future;  The  Loom  of  Life;  Com* 
mon  Sense  and  Christian  Science;  Mental  Medicine; 
Lectures  Before  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  of  Johns  Hopkins 
Medical  School;  six  volumes  of  translations  and  in 
terpretations  of  the  Wagner  music  dramas,  includ 
ing:  Parsifal;  Lohengrin;  Tannhauser;  and  the 
Niebelungen  Ring  series  of  Rheingold;  Valkyrie; 
Siegfried;  and  The  Dusk  of  the  Gods.  The  popularity 
of  these  works  is  attested  by  their  far  reaching  and 
continuous  circulation.  Dr.  Huckel  has  been  the  re 
cipient  of  many  marks  of  distinction  in  his  clerical 
capacity  as  well  as  in  the  sphere  of  literature  and 
art,  to  the  pursuit  of  which  he  has  devoted  his  en 
ergies,  his  enthusiasm  and  his  critical  acquirements 
in  more  than  one  of  their  affluent  and  inspiring  fields. 

Joshua  D.  Warfeild  (born  1838),  a  Marylander, 
is  the  author  of  Historic  Spots  near  Glenwood;  The 
Warfeilds  of  Maryland;  Founders  of  Anne  Arundel 
and  Howard  Counties,  Maryland  Biographies  of  the 
Governors  of  Maryland;  Lives  of  Eminent  Men  and 
Women  of  America.  For  the  student  of  the  history 
of  Maryland,  especially  the  inner  and  more  attractive 
phases  of  her  development,  these  works  possess  a 
marked  interest  as  well  as  value.  The  author  is  by 
profession  a  teacher  and  has  occupied  more  than  one 
position  of  trust  and  distinction  in  the  educational 
field.  The  enthusiast  and  the  researcher  in  the  fas 
cinating  sphere  which  Mr.  Warfeild  has  made  his 
peculiar  domain  will  find  inspiration  as  well  as  de- 


i8o  AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND 

light  in  the  zealous  study  of  these  volumes,  with  their 
revelation  of  that  deeper  and  richer  historic  life  which 
is  not  presented  in  the  formal  chronicle  or  the  me 
chanical  narrative,  where  the  element  of  personality 
assumes  a  subordinate  or  inferior  part  in  the  unfold 
ing  of  the  complex  story, 

Maurice  Bloomfield,  Ph.D.  (born  in  Austria, 
1855),  professor  of  Sanskrit  and  Comparative  Phil 
ology  in  the  Johns  Hopkins  University,  stands  in  the 
foremost  file  of  American  scholarship  in  his  especial 
sphere.  His  rich  and  varied  contributions  to  his 
science  assume  the  form  of  translations  and  original 
researches,  such  as  his  rendering  of  the  "Artharve- 
Vedam"  the  "Gopatha-Brahmana."  He  is  the  author 
of  Sutra  of  Kaucika;  Cerberus,  ilie  Dog  of  Hades; 
as  well  as  a  variel  contributor  to  the  journals  that 
illustrate  the  progress  of  comparative  philology.  Owen 
Wister,  in  his  Harvard  lecture,  December,  1907,  di 
rects  emphatic  attention  to  the  international  renown 
which  Dr.  Bloomfield  has  won  in  his  field  of 
philological  research. 

William  L.  K.  Barrett,  a  Baltimorean,  has  ven 
tured  into  the  walks  of  the  Muses  and  has  produced 
a  variety  of  verse,  patriotic,  sentimental,  romantic. 
It  is  marked  by  energy  and  force,  a  pure  apprecia 
tion  of  the  ludicrous  as  it  finds  expression  through  the 
medium  of  speech,  and  in  his  utterances  in  regard 
to  the  vital  political  issues  which  lie  at  the  base  of 
the  national  history  is  untouched  by  the  evil  genius 


'AUTHORS  OB  MARYLAND  181 

of  a  vindictive  and  implacable  spirit.  A  Night  with 
Burns,  reveals  Mr.  Barrett's  capabilities  as  a  poet  in 
their  most  auspicious  and  attractive  light.  The  sub 
ject  in  itself  is  fascinating  and  seems  to  appeal  to  the 
soul  of  the  young  Baltimore  poet  with  a  strong  and 
resistless  sympathy.  Mr.  Barrett  has  recently  is 
sued  A  Christmas  Eve  Reverie,  December,  1909,  a 
work  of  unusual  excellence,  combining  grace  and 
vigor  with  tenderness  and  purity  of  thought.  'Friend 
ship  with  Christ;  The  Road  to  Success;  The  Old  Year 
and  the  New;  The  Value  of  a  Smile;  are  among  his 
contributions  to  the  Muses  and  these  reveal  an  in 
creasing  range  of  power  as  well  as  facility  in  his 
cherished  art.  Mr.  Barrett  has  also  won  an  enviable 
success  by  his  lectures  and  addresses  upon  "Panama 
and  the  Canal."  His  critical  acquaintance  with  the 
subject  is  derived  from  personal  inspection  and  ex 
perience  and  constitutes  a  valuable  addition  to  the 
existing  knowledge  in  reference  to  a  vast  and  ex 
panding  question  which  has  fascinated  the  discerning 
and  prophetic  spirit  of  the  commercial  world  for 
nearly  four  centuries. 

Thomas  O.  Clark,  a  resident  of  Baltimore,  has 
published  a  volume  entitled  At  the  Gate  and  Other 
Poems,  1904.  Mr.  Clark,  although  absorbed  in  the 
unresting  pursuits  of  the  commercial  world,  has  found 
recreation  and  solace  in  the  culture  of  the  muses. 
His  work  is  marked  by  delicacy  of  perception  and  a 
wide  range  of  sympathy  as  well  as  an  appreciation 
of  the  humorous  phases  of  the  many  sided  life  which 


182  AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND 

is  characteristic  of  the  modern  world.  John  Smith's 
Christmas  suggests  a  comparison  with  Sidney  Lanier's 
"Hard  Times  in  Elfland."  Among  the  poems  that 
seem  to  require  especial  commendation  may  be  named : 
To  Poetry;  At  the  Gate;  Confederate  Memorial  Day; 
Sleep  and  Death;  Easter;  True  Loneliness;  Tivilight. 

Thomas  Hughes,  a  well  known  representative  of 
the  bar  of  Baltimore,  is  the  author  of  A  Boy's  Ex 
perience  in  the  Civil  War,  1860-65,  1904-  The  book 
has  the  unfading  interest  which  is  associated  with  the 
great  historic  drama  and  is  rich  in  thrilling  episodes, 
strange  scenes  and  moving  incidents. 

John  Wilber  Jenkins,  a  native  of  North  Carolina, 
by  profession  a  journalist,  was  the  originator  of 
Maryland  Day  observance  in  the  schools  of  the  State. 
Mr.  Jenkins  is  a  frequent  contributor  to  the  poetical 
columns  of  some  of  our  foremost  dailies,  and  an  en 
thusiastic  as  well  as  successful  worker  in  more  than 
one  sphere  of  literary  activity. 

Dr.  James  Curtis  Ballagh,  a  native  of  Virginia, 
Professor  of  American  History  in  the  Johns  Hopkins 
University,  has  written  the  History  of  Slavery  in 
Virginia;  Introduction  to  Southern  Economic  His 
tory;  The  Tariff  and  Public  Lands.  Dr.  Ballagh  is  a 
diligent  and  laborious  student  in  his  special  depart 
ment  of  historical  research. 

Littell  McClung,  a  Virginian  and  resident  of 
Baltimore,  has  won  marked  success  in  that  constantly 


'AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND  183 

expanding  literary  field — the  story.  He  has  developed 
the  faculty  of  description  in  clear  and  definite  terms 
such  as  the  memory  readily  assimilates. 

Heinrich  Ewald  Buchholz,  a  Baltimorean,  has 
published  Governors  of  Maryland,  1908,  a  series  of 
articles  which  appeared  in  the  columns  of  the  "Balti 
more  Sun."  The  work  displays  diligent  and  laborious 
research.  The  author's  sketch  of  Governor  Johnson 
especially  commends  itself  as  a  judicious  estimate  of 
one  of  the  most  interesting  characters  associated  with 
the  history  of  Maryland,  during  the  critical  era  of 
the  Revolution,  and  is  marked  by  clearness  and  vigor 
of  presentation. 

Dr.  Bernard  C.  Steiner  (born  1867),  librarian  of 
the  Pratt  Library  since  1892,  is  an  energetic  laborer, 
especially  in  the  department  of  Maryland  history. 
The  following  list  of  works  produced  by  him  will 
illustrate  the  range  of  his  activity  in  his  chosen  field : 
Beginnings  of  Maryland,  1631-1639;  Citizenship  and 
Suffrage  in  Maryland;  Cokesbury  College,  the  First 
Methodist  Institution  for  Higher  Education;  Descrip 
tions  of  Maryland;  Education;  Maryland  During  the 
English  Civil  Wars;  Life  and  Administration  of  Sir. 
William  Eden;  Genealogy  of  the  Steiner  Family; 
Western  Maryland  in  the  Revolution;  History  of 
Education  in  Connecticut;  History  of  Education  in 
Maryland;  Life  and  Correspondence  of  James  Mc- 
Henry,  Secretary  of  War  under  Washington  and 
Adams;  Maryland's  First  Courts;  The  Restoration  of 


184  AUTHORS  OE  MARYLAND 

the  Proprietary  of  Maryland  and  the  Legislation 
Against  the  Roman  Catholics  during  the  Governship 
of  Capt.  John  Hart,  1714-1720;  American  Legislatures 
and  Legislative  Methods. 

Rev.  William  Rosenau,  D.D.  (born  in  Silesia  in 
1865),  is  the  author  of  Jeivish  Biblical  Commentators; 
Some  Ancient  Oriental  Academies;  Jews'  Liturgy 
and  Ritual;  Hebraisms  in  the  Authorised  Version  of 
the  Bible.  Of  these,  the  last  possesses  a  special  in 
terest  as  the  influence  of  Hebrew  idioms  upon  our 
English  speech  is  a  subject  which  has  for  ages  at 
tracted  the  attention  of  the  cultured  world  and  is  dis 
cussed  by  Addison  in  a  notable  essay  nearly  two 
centuries  ago.  Dr.  Rosenau's  publications  reveal  his 
scholarly  sympathies  and  illustrate  his  scholarly  ac 
quirements  in  his  broad  and  almost  boundless  de 
partment  of  Biblical  criticism. 

Rev.  William  Henry  Woods,  D.D.,  a  Presby 
terian  clergyman  of  Baltimore,  is  endowed  with  a 
rich  and  discerning  productive  faculty  in  poetry  as 
well  as  in  criticism.  He  is  active  and  energetic  in 
the  exercise  of  his  gifts  and  a  frequent  contributor 
to  the  foremost  periodicals.  His  study  of  Edgar 
Allan  Poe  had  the  rare  distinction  of  being  repro 
duced  by  the  "London  Academy,"  May  14,  1910, 

Rev.  F.  X.  Brady,  S.J.,  (1857-1911),  a  native  of 
Pennsylvania,  head  of  Loyola  College,  Baltimore,  was 
an  accomplished  translator  of  devotional  works  as 


AUTHORS  OF.  MARYLAND  185 

well  as  classical  French  literature.  His  Holy  Hour 
achieved  an  immense  success,  the  sale  extending  to 
hundreds  of  thousands. 

Clayton  Colman  Hall,  of  Baltimore,  a  lawyer 
by  profession,  is  the  author  of  The  Great  Seal  of 
Maryland;  The  Lords  Baltimore  and  the  Maryland 
Palatinate;  Narratives  of  Early  Maryland,  1633-1684. 
The  work  of  Mr.  Hall  is  worthy  of  special  recognition 
on  account  of  the  laborious  and  critical  research  which 
characterizes  every  phase  of  its  development.  He  is 
an  accepted  authority  in  that  peculiar  sphere  of  local 
history  to  which  he  has  devoted  his  energies  and  his 
acquirements. 

Winfield  Scott  Schley  (born  1839),  the  hero  of 
Santiago,  a  native  of  Frederick,  Md.,  retired  Rear- 
Admiral  U.  S.  Navy,  who  was  in  charge  of  the  Greely 
Relief  Expdition  in  1884,  is  the  author  of  An  Arctic 
Rescue;  The  Rescue  of  Greely;  Report  of  Greely  Re 
lief  Expedition,  1884-1887 ;  Forty-Five  Years  Under 
the  'Flag,  1904.  The  skill  and  success  of  Admiral 
Schley  in  the  field  of  exploration  have  won  ample 
recognition  from  the  most  eminent  sources,  scholarly 
as  well  as  scientific. 

St.  George  Leakin  Sioussat,  Ph.D.  (born  1878), 
a  native  of  Maryland  and  professor  in  the  Uni 
versity  of  the  South  at  Sewanee,  Tennessee,  is  a 
progressive  and  productive  student  of  commercial  his 
tory,  ecomomics  and  the  political  life  of  the  colonial 
era,  with  especial  reference  to  Maryland  and  Vir- 


186  AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND 

ginia.  Among  his  contributions  to  his  broad  and 
varied  field  of  research  may  be  named  as  worthy  of 
peculiar  recognition:  Baltimore;  Virginia  and  the 
English  Commercial  System;  Statistics  on  State  and 
Higher  Education;  Highway  Legislation  in  Maryland 
and  its  Influence  on  the  Economic  Development  of 
the  State;  Economics  and  Politics  in  Maryland,  1/20- 
7750;  The  Public  Services  of  Daniel  Dulancy  the 
Elder. 

Allen  Sinclair  Will  (born  1868),  a  native  of 
Virginia,  is  by  profession  a  journalist,  being  associated 
with  the  editorial  staff  of  the  "Baltimore  Sun."  He 
is  the  author  of  World  Crisis  in  China  and  of  varied 
contributions  to  the  history  of  Maryland  and  Vir 
ginia.  Mr.  Will  has  shown  himself  the  earnest  and 
.  effective  champion  of  intellectual  culture  in  every 
sphere. 

Henry  Randolph  Larimer,  the  "Blind  Bard  of 
Baltimore,"  has  issued  a  volume  entitled  Virginia 
Dare  and  Other  Poems,  1909.  Mr.  Latimer  in  se 
lecting  the  period  which  marks  /the  beginning  of 
American  colonial  history  has  ventured  into  a  fascinat 
ing  and  inspiring  field  for  the  romancer  and  above 
all  for  the  dramatist.  No  incident  in  early  Ameri 
can  annals  is  so  rich  in  dramatic  possibilities  as  the 
story  of  the  lost  colony,  and  especially  that  part  of 
the  record  which  includes  the  return  of  White  in 
1590,  in  quest  of  his  countrymen  and  the  blast  of  his 
trumpet  as  his  fleet  drew  near  the  forsaken  and  de 
solate  island  of  Roanoke.  Mr.  Latimer  writes  with 


AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND  187 

effectiveness,  vigor,  and  at  times  with  genuine 
rhythmic  grace.  In  An  Epitaph  he  has  attained  his 
highest  point  of  excellence  in  the  work  thus  far 
produced. 

William  Meade  Pegram,  a  resident  of  Baltimore 
and  one  of  the  Pegrani  family  of  Virginia,  served 
with  distinction  in  the  Confederate  army.  He  is  en 
dowed  with  a  vigorous  poetic  faculty  which  has  as 
serted  its  power  in  more  than  one  sphere.  In  No 
vember,  1909,  he  published  a  volume  entitled  Past 
Times,  consisting  not  of  poems  alone,  but  containing 
a  collection  of  proverbs  embodying  the  wisdom  of  the 
ages  and  illustrated  by  comments  which  in  many  in 
stances  are  more  trenchant  and  luminous  than  the 
text.  Here,  at  least,  the  interpreter  often  rises  above 
his  originals.  Some  of  the  poems  which  Major 
Pegram  has  given  to  the  world  have  overleaped  sec 
tional  or  local  limitations  and  won  national  fame. 
Notably  is  this  true  of  Cease  Firing  based  upon  an 
historic  incident  that  appealed  to  the  sensibilities  and 
the  nobler  nature  of  all  who  were  engaged  in  the  great 
drama  of  the  War  between  the  States.  Among  those 
that  come  to  the  heart  with  especial  force  may  be 
named :  To  a  Beautiful  Voice;  Souvenir  Bells;  Sounds 
Far  From  Home;  Wedded  to  His  Ideal;  Old  Christ 
Church  Bells;  The  Restored  Flag;  Is  It  If;  The  Lone 
some  Laddie. 

Edward  Otto,  a  Baltimorean,  a  graduate  of  the 
University  of  Maryland,  1883,  and  a  lawyer  by  pro 
fession,  has  been  for  years  a  varied  and  diligent  con- 


i88  AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND 

tributor  to  "Old  Maryland"  in  both  prose  and  poetry. 
Mr.  Otto  has  a  pure  poetic  faculty  and  his  verses 
at  times,  especially  those  relating  to  Robert  Burns, 
are  worthy  of  strong  approval.  These,  however,  by 
no  means  represent  the  full  measure  of  his  productive 
power  as  is  illustrated  by  his  America;  Kind  Hearts 
Will  Not  Wither;  Life  Not  a  Dream  and  The  Harp. 
This  last  may  be  regarded  as  the  crown  of  Mr.  Otto's 
achievements  in  the  sphere  of  the  Muses. 

In  prose  Mr.  Otto  is  vigorous,  independent,  full  of 
learning,  rich  and  research.  His  English  Monasteries 
appeals  with  special  force  to  the  student  of  the 
mediaeval  age  and  has  elicited  warm  commendation 
from  eminent  ecclesiastical  sources.  This  is  but  one 
of  a  number  that  demand  honorable  recognition  from 
critic  or  commentator.  A  just  and  discriminating  es 
timate  of  his  literary  work  will  be  found  in  "Old 
Maryland"  for  January,  1908.  He  is  associated  with 
the  editorial  staff  of  the  "Baltimore  Sun."  In  ad 
dition  to  his  literary  skill  and  productive  powers  Mr. 
Otto  is  an  admirable  translator  from  the  classical 
languages  of  the  modern  and  ancient  world,  such  as 
German  and  Greek.  Among  his  reproductions  of  the 
Greek  drama  in  English  may  be  especially  commended 
the  translation  of  the  chorus  of  the  ocean  nymphs  in 
the  "Prometheus  Bound"  of  Aeschylus.  The  spirit 
of  the  original  dominates  the  verse  but  the  metrical 
form  is  assimilated  to  the  genius  of  English  speech. 
It  is  an  admirable  illustration  of  the  author's  capacity 
for  presenting  in  modern  vesture  the  flavor  and 
fragrance  of  the  antique  classical  world. 


'AUTHORS  OF.  MARYLAND  189 

George  E.  Tack,  of  Baltimore,  is  a  diligent  and 
versatile  contributor  to  the  poetical  columns  of  more 
than  one  leading  journal  and  periodical.  His  range 
includes  the  patriotic,  the  devotional,  the  romantic 
features  of  contemporary  life  and  development.  His 
purest  inspiration  proceeds  from  the  contemplation  of 
nature  in  her  calmer  and  serener  moods.  In  the 
best  sphere  of  his  production  in  verse  he  is,  perhaps 
unconsciously,  a  disciple  of  Wordsworth.  Digressions 
or  excursions  into  prose  do  not  reveal  Mr.  Tack  in 
his  most  attractive  light.  His  work,  when  seen  in 
its  congenial  forms,  displays  vigor  and  grace,  in  con 
ception  as  well  as  execution.  His  frequent  contri 
butions  in  diverse  fields  seem  to  indicate  a  growth 
of  productive  faculty  as  the  years  increase, 

Charles  A.  Fisher,  a  native  of  Baltimore,  has 
issued  a  volume  of  poems  entitled  The  Minstrel  with 
the  Selfsame  Song,  1910.  The  range  of  the  work  is 
varied,  embracing  every  sentiment  "from  grave  to 
gay,  from  lively  to  severe."  At  times  the  verse  is 
excellent,  the  wit  pungent,  the  humor  affluent.  Mr. 
Fisher's  devotion  to  music  is  strikingly  reflected  in 
his  poetry.  Sidney  Lanier  and  himself  would  have 
discovered  points  of  affinity,  congeniality  and  sym 
pathy.  In  these  kindred  spirits 

"Music  and  sweet  poetry  agree, 
As  needs  they  must,  the  sister  and  the  brother." 

The  Ballad  of  Betsy  Patterson  especially  'commends 
itself  as  do  the  several  renderings  or  adaptations  from 
the  German.  Mr.  Fisher  has  occasionally  fallen  into 


190  AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND 

the  "In  Memoriam"  stanza,  rich  in  grace  and  flexi 
bility  yet  seldom  availed  of  by  American  lyrists. 
Plea  and  Woman's  Rights  are  admirable  illustrations. 
Keats  should  be  read  in  connection  with  Randall's 
"Keats,"  and  With  a  Rose  compared  with  Miles'  rar 
est  flower  of  song  "Said  the  Rose." 

Rev.  J.  Spangler  Kieffer,  D.D.,  of  Hagerstown, 
Md.,  has  published  a  volume  of  essays  entitled  Head 
and  Heart,  1910.  The  style  of  the  work  is  admirable 
blending  simplicity  with  vigor  and  logical  analysis. 
The  moral  tome  is  worthy  of  unqualified  commenda 
tion  for  it  is  the  practical  illustration  and  application 
of  the  purest  ideals  inculcated  by  the  Christian  faith. 

Matthew  Page  Andrews,  a  native  of  Virginia 
and  graduate  of  Washington  and  Lee  University, 
edited,  April,  1910,  the  works  of  James  Ryder  Rand 
all,  the  most  truly  representative  Maryland  poet.  The 
edition  of  Mr.  Andrews  is  entitled  to  almost  un 
qualified  approbation  as  it  illustrates  nearly  every 
essential  requisite  to  be  sought  for  in  presenting  to 
the  world  the  text  of  a  poetical  classic.  For  the  first 
time  the  creations  of  Randall  are  accessible  in  concise 
as  well  as  complete  form;  the  notes  and  comments 
are  ample  but  not  elaborated  into  weakness;  the  bi 
ography  is  a  model  of  clearness  and  condensation  and 
the  origin  and  development  of  "My  Maryland"  are 
so  thoroughly  explained  as  to  remove  future  doubt 
or  controversy  from  the  sphere  of  ordinary  possi 
bility.  The  publication  of  this  edition  is  in  itself 


AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND  191 

a  marked  attestation  of  the  expanding  fame  of  our 
Maryland  laureate. 

Mr.  Andrews,  by  early  descent  a  Marylander,  has 
a  thorough  appreciation  of  the  historical  traditions 
and  thought  of  his  adopted  State.  He  has  published 
a  series  of  articles  on  Maryland  history  and  literature, 
especially  with  regard  to  the  crisis  of  1861. 

George  Forbes,  a  native  of  Annapolis,  and  a  mem 
ber  of  the  bar  of  Baltimore,  has  published  The  Rules 
of  Court,  1906,  a  work  highly  commended  by  capable 
reviewers  as  admirably  adapted  to  its  purpose.  Mr. 
Forbes  is  a  special  student  of  the  history  of  Annapolis 
and  has  turned  his  comprehensive  knowledge  of  the 
subject  to  good  account  in  the  form  of  attractive  and 
instructive  lectures. 

W.  Dwight  Burroughs,  who  is  by  profession  a 
journalist,  being  associated  with  the  "Baltimore 
News,"  is  attaining  success  in  the  fascinating  and 
perennial  field  of  juvenile  literature.  He  has  already 
published  Wonderland  of  Stamps;  Jack,  Junior,  the 
Giant  Killer ;  and  he  has  in  preparation  Redskins  Fair 
ly ;  Tales  Retold  for  Little  Palefaces.  In  the  graver 
spheres  of  literature  Mr.  Burroughs  has  produced 
Wise  Saws  of  Old  Fools  and  Proverbs  of  a  Para- 
grapher. 

Major  John  Mortimer  Kilgour  (born  1822), 
died  1905),  a  native  of  Montgomery  county,  Md.,  was 
the  author  of  two  poems  which  are  worthy  of  com 
memoration  in  the  literary  record  of  his  native  State. 
One  of  these  is  entitled  The  Death  of  General  Thomas 


192  AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND 

J.  Jackson,  the  other  Eighty-Two.  Each  of  these  dis 
plays  unusual  sensibility  as  well  as  vigor  of  thought 
and  expression.  Major  Kilgour  served  in  the  Con 
federate  army  during  the  War  between  the  States, 
1861-1865. 

Francis  Hopkinson  Smith  (born  in  Baltimore, 
October  23,  1838)  has  passed  the  active  years  of  his 
varied  and  multiform  life  in  the  city  of  New  York. 
He  still  retains  a  loyal  affection  for  the  home  of 
his  early  boyhood.  The  most  notable  characteristic 
in  the  career  of  Mr.  Smith  is  the  diversity  of  types 
which  it  has  developed.  That  in  an  epoch  marked 
preeminently  by  a  tendency  to  specialization  in  litera 
ture  as  well  as  in  science  and  scholarship,  as  inflexi 
ble  as  it  is  unsympathetic,  one  man  should  attain  suc 
cess  if  not  distinction  as  artist,  engineer,  novelist  and 
lecturer,  is  a  phenomenon  which  suggests  the  vanished 
age  of  such  prodigies  of  versatile  genius  as  Leonardo 
da  Vinci  and  Michael  Angelo.  Strangest,  perhaps, 
is  the  circumstance  that  mature  years  had  come  to 
Mr.  Smith  ere  he  entered  the  sphere  of  authorship 
in  1885  with  his  autobiographical  romance  Old  Lines 
in  New  Black  and  White.  Nearly  half  a  century 
rested  upon  him  when  his  first  clear  call  to  literary 
fame  was  issued.  It  was,  however,  only  the  first, 
for  novel,  story,  sketch,  followed  in  succession  so 
rapid  as  to  dazzle  the  imagination  with  the  range  and 
richness  of  his  productive  faculty.  All  lands,  civiliza 
tions,  phases  of  art  and  forms  of  racial  or  national 
life  are  portrayed  by  his  comprehensive  touch  and  il- 


AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND  193 

luminating  power.  Venice,  St.  Mark's,  the  Rhine  or 
the  Grand  Canal,  the  strenuous  and  insatiable  Amer 
ican,  the  "darkey"  and  his  dialect,  and  the  decayed 
gentleman  who  has  survived  the  glories  of  the  ancient 
South. 

It  is  probably  through  the  medium  of  his  short 
stories  that  Mr.  Smith  is  revealed  in  the  strongest 
and  most  abiding  light.  The  following  list  illustrates 
the  measure  of  his  production  in  this  field  and  in 
the  novel:  Old  Lines  in  New  Bla\ck  and  Whiten* 
1885;  Well  Worn  Roads,  1886;  A  White  Umbrella 
in  Mexico,  1889;  A  Book  of  the  Tile  Club,  18.9031 
Colonel  Carter  of  Cartersville,  1891 ;  A  Day  at  Lagu- 
erre's,  1892;  American  Illustrators,  1893;  A  Gentle 
man  Vagabond  and  Some  Others,  1895;  Tom  Grogan, 
1896;  Gondola  Days,  1897;  Venice  of  Today,  1897; 
Caleb  West,  1898;  The  Other  Fellow,  1899;  The 
Fortunes  of  Oliver  Horn,  1902;  The  Under  Dog, 
1903;  Colonel  Carter's  Christmas,  1904;  A  Close 
Range,  1905 ;  The  Wood  Fire  in  No.  3,  1905 ;  The 
Tides  of  Barnegat,  1906;  The  Veiled  Lady,  1907; 
The  Romance  of  an  Old  Fashioned  Gentleman,  1907; 
Peter,  1908. 

Colonel  Charles  Chaille  Long  (born  in  Somer 
set  county,  Md.,  July  2nd,  1842),  is  author,  soldier, 
diplomat  and  lawyer.  His  record  is  marked  by  a 
Ulyssean  variety,  his  achievements  embracing  almost 
every  sphere  of  activity,  the  tranquil  and  ennobling 
pursuits  of  science  as  well  as  the  austere  experiences 
and  thrilling  episodes  of  grim  visaged  war.  Colonel 


194  AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND 

Long  saw  service  and  won  distinction  in  the  armies 
of  the  Union  during  our  national  conflict,  1861- 
1865.  In  the  years  that  followed  the  coming  of  peace 
he  entered  a  novel  and  remote  field,  became  a 
leading  figure  in  the  army  of  Egypt  and  accomplished 
brilliant  results  in  many  diverse  relations,  was  Chief- 
of-Staff  to  General  Charles  E.  Gordon,  executed  the 
treaty  annexing  Uganda  to  Egypt,  1874,  navigated 
the  unknown  Nile,  discovered  Lake  Ibrahim,  thus 
completing  Speke's  discovery  and  solving  beyond 
question  the  problem  of  the  ages,  the  sources  of  the 
mysterious  stream.  Honors  and  decorations  were 
bestowed  upon  him  in  recognition  of  his  far-reaching 
services  which  had  been  as  marked  in  the  realm  of 
exploration  and  diplomacy  as  in  the  shock  of  battle 
upon  two  continents.  Among  the  symbols  of  honor 
of  which  he  has  been  the  recipient  the  medal  con 
ferred  by  the  Legislature  of  Maryland  in  1904  is 
deserving  of  special  commemoration. 

It  is  the  record  of  Colonel  Long  from  the  viewpoint 
of  authorship  that  appeals  with  peculiar  interest  to 
the  reader  of  this  work.  His  range  is  as  diverse  in 
the  literary  sphere  as  in  science  or  the  province  of  the 
explorer.  The  following  are  his  characteristic  produc 
tions  in  the  former  of  these  fields:  Central  Africa, 
Naked  Truths  of  Naked  People,  1876;  L'Afrique 
Ccntrale,  1877;  L'Egypte  et  ces  Provinces  Perdues, 
1892 ;  La  Corce  on  Chosen  la  Terre  du  Calme  Matlnal, 
de  la  Guerre  Americaine,  1777-1783. 

In  November,  1909,  Colonel  Long  was  awarded  a 


AUTHORS  OE  MARYLAND  195 

gold  medal  by  the  American  Geographical  Society  for 
the  final  solution  of  the  Nile  source  problem. 

McKee  Barclay,  the  artist  of  the  "Baltimore  Sun," 
has  published  in  connection  with  Mr.  William  O. 
Stevens,  a  thrilling  story  designed  for  boys  entitled 
The  Young  Privateersman  which  derives  its  inspira 
tion  from  the  War  of  1812  and  especially  the  ad 
ventures  of  certain  privateersmen,  whose  gallantry 
and  daring  have  failed  to  receive  recognition  at  the 
hands  of  the  historian.  The  work  should  appeal  es 
pecially  to  the  boys  of  Baltimore,  as  the  scenes  and 
incidents  which  enter  into  it  are  in  large  measure 
associated  with  points  in  local  geography  familiar  to 
every  resident  of  the  city.  The  most  interesting  events 
of  the  second  war  with  England  have  their  centre 
at  Baltimore  and  the  field  is  rich  in  material  not  yet 
availed  of  by  the  historical  romancer.  The  style  of 
the  book  is  vigorous  and  animated.  It  should  prove 
an  incentive  to  heroic  emprise  and  what  is  richer  in 
value,  inculcate  lofty  standards  of  patriotism  drawn 
from  life  and  idealized  by  the  touch  of  the  biographer 
and  the  halo  of  the  artist, 

Tunstall  Smith,  of  Baltimore,  has  published  a 
volume  entitled  Richard  Snowden  Andrews,  a  Me 
moir,  1910.  This  work  presents  a  striking  illustra 
tion  of  the  familiar  saying  "truth  is  stranger  than 
fiction/'  In  all  the  elements  that  constitute  the 
hero  the  character  of  Lieut.  Colonel  !Andrews 
abounded  in  ample  measure.  The  strange  scenes  and 


196  AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND 

thrilling  incidents  which  marked  his  career  in  the 
army  of  the  Confederacy  have  rarely  been  paralleled 
in  the  record  of  modern  war.  Some  of  the  episodes 
related  by  Mr.  Smith  are  perhaps  unique..  The  story 
is  told  with  ease,  clearness,  simplicity.  The  avoidance 
of  the  spectacular  and  the  ostentatious  is  one  of  the 
distinctive  features  and  special  charms  of  the  narra 
tive.  The  illustrations  are  admirable  and  unmarred 
by  excessive  or  overwrought  idealization  of  their 
originals. 

Miss  Lfillie  Schnauffer,  a  resident  of  Baltimore, 
has  written  a  series  of  sketches,  biographical  and 
critical,  as  well  as  illustrative,  of  the  German-Ameri 
can  poets  whose  lives  and  work  are  associated  with 
Baltimore.  The  three  poets  to  whom  Miss  Schnauf- 
fer's  labors  have  been  devoted  are  Dr.  Moritz  Wiener, 
1812-1905 ;  Edward  F.  Leyh,  died  1901,  and  Carl 
Heinrich  Schnauffer,  1822-1852.  Each  of  these  is 
presented  concisely  but  in  ample  form,  the  essential 
features  in  their  history  being  placed  before  the 
reader  so  clearly  that  the  mind  apprehends  and  as 
similates  without  the  consciousness  of  exertion.  The 
illustrations  are  chosen  with  taste  and  discrimination 
revealing  the  inner  life  of  the  authors  and  at  a  glance 
setting  forth  their  characteristic  or  distinctive  ex 
cellences.  Of  the  three  sketches  that  of  Carl  Heinrich 
Schnauffer  is  most  finely  touched  by  the  spirit  of  il 
lumination  and  addresses  itself  most  strongly  to  the 
critical  instinct  as  well  as  the  sympathies  and  sensibil 
ities  of  the  lover  of  poetry. 


AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND  197 

Randolph  H.  McKim,  D.D.,  rector  of  the  Church 
of  the  Epiphany,  Washington  D.  C,  was  born  in  Balti 
more  and  educated  at  the  University  of  Virginia.  He 
has  published  A  Soldier's  Recollections;  Leaves  from 
the  Diary  of  a  Young  Confederate,  with  an  Oration 
upon  the  Motives  and  Aims  of  the  Soldiers  of  the 
South,  1910.  In  the  preparation  of  this  admirable  and 
vigorous  narrative  Dr.  McKim  enjoys  the  especial  ad 
vantage  of  having  been  in  the  strongest  sense  "a  part 
of  all  that  he  has  met."  He  served  in  Jackson's  most 
notable  campaigns,  he  was  also  (a  staff  officer  and 
during  the  final  stages  of  the  colossal  conflict  he  was 
Chaplain  in  the  cavalry  brigade  of  General  Fitzhugh 
Lee.  Every  phase  of  the  struggle  passed  under  his 
youthful  but  discerning  eye.  There  are  graphic  pic 
tures  of  supreme  passes  at  arms  such  as  Manassas 
and  Chancellorsville  and  of  Jackson's  achievements  in 
the  valley  of  Virginia  the  wonder  and  the  despair 
of  critics,  as  well  as  the  training  school  of  strategists 
such  as  Henderson  and  Lord  Roberts.  The  story  of 
the  Gettysburg  campaign  might  be  elaborated  into  a 
treatise  with  rare  advantage  to  the  critical  student  of 
military  history. 

Dr.  McKim's  work  displays  an  especial  power  in 
its  portrayal  of  the  social,  moral  and  intellectual 
character  of  the  men  who  composed  the  army  of  Lee, 
exhibiting  a  record  almost  unmatched  in  the  annals 
of  war.  A  manly  and  ingenious  tone  marks  every 
feature  of  the  book.  The  author  is  in  the  strictest 
acceptation  a  representative  Marylander,  a  considera 
tion  which  imparts  an  additional  charm  to  a  narrative 


198  AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND 

that   justifies   its   existence   in   the   amplest   sense  by 
reason  of  its  intrinsic  merits  alone. 

Dr.  Ernest  Lagarde  (born  in  New  Orleans,  Sep 
tember  4,  1836)  is  professor  of  Modern  Languages 
and  English  Literature  in  Mount  St.  Mary's  College 
at  Emmitsburg,  Md.  He  is  of  historic  French  an 
cestry,  his  father  having  served  as  an  officer  in  the 
army  of  the  first  Napoleon.  During  the  War  be 
tween  the  States  he  devoted  himself  to  the  cause  of 
the  Confederacy,  rendering  valuable  aid  in  the  ord 
nance  department  and  still  finding  opportunity  amid  the 
prevailing  storm  and  stress  of  the  conflict  to  indulge  his 
passion  for  literature  by  publishing  an  evening  edition 
of  "The  Whig"  and  a  monthly  periodical  "The  Age/' 
the  latter  with  the  collaboration  of  William  M.  Bur- 
well,  the  probable  author  of  the  famous  epigram  in 
spired  by  McClellan's  "change  of  base"  after  the  seven 
days  at  Richmond,  July,  1862.  In  the  summer  of 
1869  he  was  elected  to  the  professorship  which  he 
still  retains  in  Mount  St.  Mary's  College,  the  historic 
school  in  which  have  been  trained  jurists  such  as 
Chief  Justice  White,  lyrists  and  dramatists  like  Miles, 
and  a  genius  like  La  Farge,  who  was  almost  the 
creator  of  a  renaissance  in  his  own  pure  sphere  of 
artistic  development.  The  work  of  Professor  La- 
garde  in  literature  has  been  varied  and  versatile,  as 
well  as  active  and  energetic.  Journalism  has  formed 
no  inconsiderable  part  of  his  labors.  He  was  as 
sociated  with  "The  Magnet"  as  literary  editor,  with 
"The  Mirrow"  in  New  Orleans  and  afterwards  with 


AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND  199 

"The  Courier"  and  "The  Bee,"  nor  does  this  enumera 
tion  exhaust  the  range  of  his  experiences  in  this  dif 
ficult  and  arduous  field. 

Dr.  Lagarde  in  addition  to  his  services  in  the  sphere 
or  journalism  has  won  distinction  as  a  translator  from1 
the  French,  his  ancestral  if  not  his  vernacular  speech. 
He  rendered  into  English  Quinten's  historical  novel 
'The  Nobleman  of  '89."  He  has  also  published  a 
French  "Verb  Book"  and  prepared  a  series  of  Eng 
lish  readers.  In  the  lecture  field  he  has  been  active 
as  well  as  eminent,  especially  by  his  association  with 
the  summer  schools  conducted  under  the  auspices  of 
the  Catholic  Church..  Some  of  his  discourses  upon 
Shakespeare,  delivered  in  that  capacity,  have  been 
published  in  recent  years.  Dr.  Lagarde  was  educated 
at  College  Hill,  Miss.,  his  uncle,  Professor  Alexander 
Dimitry,  ,being  the  head  of  the  institution.  The  re 
flective  student  recalls  at  once  the  Professor  Dimitry 
to  whom  Randall  addressed  an  ode  during  his  day 
of  golden  dreams  at  Georgetown  University.  He  also 
devoted  himself  to  the  study  of  law  at  the  University 
of  Louisiana.  Leading  centres  of  intellectual  culture, 
such  as  Georgetown  University  and  St.  Francis 
Xavier's  College,  have  bestowed  degrees  upon  him  as 
an  evidence  of  their  appreciation  of  his  attainments 
in  literature,  romance  as  well  as  English, 

Arthur  Miller  Easter,  LL.B.,  a  Baltimorean 
and  by  profession  a  lawyer,  has  published  a  volume 
of  poems  entitled  Songs  of  Sentiment  and  Faith,  De 
cember,  1910.  A  number  of  his  creations  are  marked 


-\\i  AUTHORS  OP  MARYLAND 

by  unusual  grace  and  vigor.  Even  where  the  author 
is  adhering  to  a  dearly  recognized  model  or  proto 
type  his  individuality  asserts- itself ,  as  for  illustration 
ICs  Maryland,  My  Maryland,  which  does  not  derive 
its  suggestion  from  Randall's  incomparable  song  but 
from  a  source  and  author  comparatively  unknown  to 
lovers  of  poetry.  In  Yes,  Is  It  Not  Strange?  Mr. 
Easter  adopted  the  "In  Memorian"  rhyming  combina 
tion  with  ease  and  sustains  it  with  skill  to  the  close. 
The  fluidity  and  flexibility  of  this  form  should  com 
mend  its  more  frequent  use  on  the  part  of  con 
temporary  writers.  Upon  the  whole  it  may  be  said 
that  Mr.  Easter's  purest  work  is  to  be  found  in  his 
Songs  of  Faith  rather  than  those  of  Sentiment.  The 
former  logically  present  a  field  for  the  incarnation  of 
this  high  moral  earnestness  which  Matthew  Arnold 
glorifies  as  the  vital  essence  of  the  noblest  and  truest 
poetry.  In  this  phase  of  his  art  Mr.  Easter  is  seen 
in  his  dearest  light.  A  number  of  his  efforts  in  this 
sphere  are  worthy  of  cordial  commendation  whether 
regarded  from  the  didactic  or  religious  point  of  view, 
or  contemplated  as  literary  productions  alone. 

Edward  Lucas  White,  of  Baltimore,  has  been 
productive  in  the  sphere  of  the  story  as  well  as  in 
poetry.  In  the  former  field  The  Little  faded  Flag, 
The  Grin  of  the  Bull  Dog,  The  Skewbald  Panther  and 
Anima  may  be  named  as  illustrating  the  purest  type 
of  the  work.  Mr.  White  has  also  published  a  collec 
tion  of  poems,  some  of  which  had  previously  appeared 
in  leading  periodicals  such  as  the  "Atlantic  Monthly/' 


AUTHORS  OP  MARYLAND  201 

Among  these  may  be  especially  named:    The  Dance; 
The  Regiment;  Lost  Baltimore;  A  Summer  Summary. 

Henry  Elliot  Shepherd,  M.A.,  LL.D.,  was  born 
at  Kayetteville,  X.  C,  and  after  receiving  his  prepara 
tory  education  in  his  native  State  he  entered  the  Uni- 
:ty  of  Virginia.  Shortly  thereafter  the  War  be 
tween  the  States  broke  out  and  as  a  mere  lad  he  en 
listed  in  the  Confederate  army  as  one  of  those  de 
voted  students  who  carried  on  their  classical  pursuits 
by  the  light  of  the  campfire  and  almost  on  the  battle 
field  itself. 

After  the  war  Dr.  Shepherd  was  engaged  for  over 
a  quarter  of  a  century  in  educational  activities  in 
Baltimore  and  Charleston,  S.  C.  Travel  and  research 
in  England  and  Europe  led  Dr.  Shepherd  to  make  the 
acquaintance  of  a  large  number  of  men  eminent  in 
the  literary  life  of  the  Old  World.  His  remarkable 
range  of  study  in  all  departments  of  literature  and 
history  caused  him  to  be  greatly  sought  by  editors 
and  publishers  of  encyclopedias  and  dictionaries  both 
in  England  and  America. 

Dr.  Shepherd  has  the  distinction  of  being  a  pioneer 
in  the  study  and  development  of  the  science  of  lingu 
istic  philology  in  America.  His  early  work  on  this 
subject  elicited  extended  comment  from  English  re 
viewers  in  particular  and  several  editions  were  de 
manded  in  close  succession  at  the  time  of  publica 
tion.  The  greater  part  of  Dr.  Shepherd's  creative 
.ork  was  done  in  Baltimore.  Some  of  the  volumes 
that  have  appeared  from  his  pen  are:  History  of  the 


202  AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND 

English  Language;  Grammar  of  the  English  Lan 
guage;  Historical  Reader;  Life  of  General  Robert  E. 
Lee;  Commentary  upon  Tennyson's  In  Memoriam; 
essays,  reviews,  contributions  to  lexicons,  cyclopedias, 
etc. 

A  cheerful  willingness  to  give  time  and  labor  and 
the  benefit  of  his  exceptional  researches  represents  a 
leading  trait  of  Dr.  Shepherd's  character;  this  trait 
may  be  said  to  be  specifically  and  concretely  attested 
by  this  work,  "The  Representative  Authors  of  Mary 
land."  * 

The  history  of  literature  in  Maryland  has  been 
traced  from  the  time  of  Father  White's  "Narrative" 
in  1635  to  the  passing  of  Palmer,  Randall,  and  Father 
Tabb  during  the  early  years  of  the  present  century. 
It  has  been  shown  by  the  record  that  from  the  first 
stages  of  her  organized  political  life  there  has  been 
activity  and  production  in  some  phase  of  intellectual 
development.  That  much  may  have  perished  from 
neglect  or  indifference  is  the  common  fate  of  litera 
ture  during  periods  of  origin  and  struggle. 

When  American  literature,  as  distinct  from  that  of 
the  ancestral  country,  acquired  a  definite  form  and 
character,  Kennedy  appeared  with  his  romances,  rich 
in  their  native  flavor  and  retaining  through  the  long 
lapse  of  years,  the  fragrance  and  freshness  of  their 
dawning  day.  Several  of  the  foremost  names  in  a 

*This  sketch  of  Dr.  Shepherd  was  prepared  by  Matthew 
Page  Andrews. 


AUTHORS  OF.  MARYLAND  203 

still  youthful  chronicle  are  linked  with  the  State  by 
ties  of  blood  or  bonds  of  association  and  adoption — 
Poe,  Lanier,  Randall,  a  combination  almost  unique  in 
the  story  of  intellectual  expansion  in  America.  There 
is  no  just  or  logical  cause  for  distrust  or  despondency 
in  reference  to  the  future.  Pure  types  and  lofty  ideals 
will  not  cease  to  reveal  their  power  and  to  shine  as 
lights  in  the  world, 


SUPPLEMENTAL  LIST 

OF 

MARYLAND  AUTHORS 

Allen,  Mrs.  Brasseya  Johnson,  Pastorals,  Ele 
gies,  Odes,  Epistles  and  Other  Poems,  1806. 

Allen,  Edward  M.,  La  Fayette's  Second  Expedi 
tion  to  Virginia,  1781 ;  "Maryland  Historical  Society/' 
No.  32. 

Allen,  Paul,  History  of  the  American  Revolution; 
Baltimore,  1822. 

Allison,  Rev.  Patrick,      Rise  and  Progress,  17043. 

Archer,  George  W.,  Dismemberment  of  Maryland 
and  The  Boundry  Question,  1889. 

Armstrong,  Paul,  has  won  success  as  a  play 
wright  by  The  Heir  to  the  Hoorah;  Salome  Jane; 
Blue  Grass;  Wireless. 

Arthur,  T.  S.,  "The  Baltimore  Literary  Mag 
azine,"  2  Vols.,  edited  J.  N.  Mcjilton  and  T.  S. 
Arthur,  1838-1839. 

Babcock,  Rev.  Maltbie  D.,  D.D.  (1858-1901), 
born  at  Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  died  at  Naples,  Italy.  Was 


208  AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND 

for  several  years  pastor  of  Brown  Memorial  Presby 
terian  Church,  Baltimore.  Was  a  writer  of  graceful 
and  attractive  poetry  as  well  as  prose.  Was  the  au 
thor  of  Hymns  and  Carols;  Letters  from  Egypt  and 
the  Holy  Land;  Thoughts  for  Everyday  Living;  The 
Success  of  Defeat;  Their  Whys  and  Their  Answers. 

Ball,  Wayland  Dalyrymple,  Evolution  in  Science 
and  Religion,  with  Other  Addresses,  1893. 

Banneker,  Benjamin  (1733-1804),  assisted  L'En- 
fant  in  laying  out  the  City  of  Washington ;  was  versed 
in  mathematics  and  astronomy.  Published  Ephemeris 
and  Almanack.  Was  partly  of  African  descent. 

Barrett,  Miss  Florence  Selby,  a  resident  of 
Baltimore,  is  a  diligent  contributor  to  periodicals  pub 
lished  under  the  auspices  of  the  Catholic  Church.  She 
has  also  ventured  into  the  field  of  poetry  and  her  lines 
entitled  My  Need  display  a  spirit  of  fervent  piety  as 
well  as  more  than  ordinary  skill  and  facility  in  the 
use  of  verse. 

Barry,  Robert,  Poems  on  Several  Occasions,  Balti 
more,  1807. 

Bartlett,  David  L.,     Letters  from  Europe,  1886. 

Baxley,  H.  Willis,  M.D.,  published,  1865,  What 
1  Saw  on  the  West  Coast  of  North  and  South  America 
and  the  Hawaiian  Islands,  an  entertaining  and  in 
structive  account  of  a  region  then  imperfectly  known. 


'AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND  209 

Baxley,  Claude,    Comrades,  a  novel, 


Bear,  John  W.,  Life  and  Travels  of  John  W.  Bear, 
Blacksmith,  1800. 

Bennett,  Miss  Sarah  E.,  an  active  contributor  to 
such  journals  and  periodicals  as  "The  Churchman" 
and  the  "Century,"  has  essayed  verse  as  well  as 
prose  and  by  the  range  and  variety  of  her  production 
has  shown  herself  a  capable  and  progressive  literary 
worker.  Her  articles  appear  under  two  names,  S. 
Edgar  Benet  and  S.  E.  Bennet. 

Binion,  Samuel  Augustus,  Egyptologist,  pub 
lished  Phyllanthography,  A  Method  of  Leaf  and 
Flower  Writing  and  A  Basket  of  Choice  Roses. 

Boulden,  James  E.  P.,  M.D.  (born  1823— died 
1880),  published  in  1875,  The  Presbyterians  in  Balti 
more,  Their  Historic  Graveyards,  a  work  rich  in  in 
terest  to  the  student  of  local  history.  He  was  also 
the  author  of  An  American  Among  Orientals. 

Birckhead,  Lennox,  A  Voice  from  the  South, 
Discussing  among  Other  Subjects,  Slavery  and  Its 
Remedy,  1861. 

Boyle,  Esmeralda,  Sketches  of  Distinguished 
Marylanders,  1861. 

Brackenridge,  Henry  M.,  Voyage  to  South  Amer 
ica,  1817-18;  In  the  Frigate  Congress. 


210  AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND 

Brent,  John  Carroll,  Biographical  Sketch  of  the 
Most  Reverend  John  Carroll,  First  Archbishop  of 
Baltimore,  with  Select  Portions  of  Plis  Works,  1843. 

Brewer,  J.  M.,  Prison  Life,  by  J.  M.  Brewer,  Late 
Reading  Clerk  of  the  Maryland  Senate,  1 860-61,  and 
still  later  of  ports  Lafayette  and  Warren,  1862. 

Brooks,  Nathan  C.  (born  1808— died  1898),  pub 
lished  The  Amethyst,  an  Annual  of  Literature,  1831 ; 
History  of  the  Mexican  War. 

Brown,  Sebastian,    John  Smith,  1893. 

Brown,  J.  J.,  Life  of  Dr.  James  McHenry,  1877. 

Browning,  Meshack,  wrote  Forty-four  Years  of 
the  Life  of  a  Hunter,  1859,  Being  Reminiscences  of 
M.B.,  a  Maryland  Hunter,  Roughly  Written  Down  by 
Himself:  Revised  and  Illustrated  by  E.  Stabler. 
Browning  was  a  modern  Nimrod  and  his  work  is  rich 
in  strange  scenes  and  thrilling  incidents.  Had  he 
been  endowed  with  the  gift  of  style  his  book  would 
have  attained  the  dignity  of  a  classic  in  its  peculiar 
sphere. 

Bump,  Charles  Weathers  (born  1872 — died  1908) 
a  Baltimorean,  was  a  journalist  and  writer  of  his 
tory,  especially  that  of  Maryland.  He  amassed  a  col 
lection  of  rare  and  valuable  material  illustrating  the 
history  of  his  native  State.  Mr.  Bump  was  the 


'AUTHORS  OB  MARYLAND  211 

author  of  Churches  and  Religious  Institutions  of 
Maryland;  DOTJWI  the  Susquehanna;  Columbus;  His 
Baltimore  Madonna;  The  Mermaid  of  David  Lake; 
London  Plays  of  1901. 

Burnap,  George,  Origin  and  Causes  of  Democracy 
in  America,  1853. 

Calvert,  George  Henry  (born  1803— died  1883), 
Joan  of  Arc,  A  Narrative  Poem;  The  Maid  of  Or 
leans,  an  Historical  Tragedy;  Life,  Death  and  Other 
Poems;  A  Nation's  Birth  and  Other  Poems,  18761. 

Carey,  George  L.,  Some  Thoughts  Concerning  Do 
mestic  Slavery,  in  a  Letter  to  • —  Esq.,  of  Balti 
more,  1838. 

Carey,  John  L.,  Slavery  in  Maryland  Briefly  Con 
sidered,  1845. 

Chancellor,  Dr.  Charles  W.,  The  Climate  of  the 
Eastern  Shore  of  Maryland,  Considered  with  Refer 
ence  to  its  Influence  in  Pulmonary  Consumption  and 
Other  Diseases,  1889. 

Chase,  Eliza,  Extracts  in  Prose  and  Verse,  2  Vols., 
1808,  by  a  Lady  of  Maryland. 

Colton,  George,  A  Maryland  Editor  Abroad, 
What  He  Saw  and  What  He  Thought  of  It,  1881, 


212  AUTHORS  OE  MARYLAND 

Cook,  Ebenezer,  The  Sot-Weed  Factor,  or  a  Voy 
age  to  Maryland;  A  Satyr,  in  Which  is  Described  the 
Laws,  Governments  and  Constitutions  of  the  Country, 
and  also  the  Buildings,  Feasts,  Frolics,  Entertainments 
and  Drunken  Humors  of  the  Inhabitants  of  That  Part 
of  the  Country  in  Burlesque  Verse,  1708;  reprinted, 
1865. 

Donaldson,  Frank,  A  Narragansett  Idyl,  "A  Trifle 
Light  as  Air,"  1880. 

Dorsey,  Mrs.  Anna  H.,  Hours  of  Love  and  Mem 
ory,  1849. 

Douglass,  Frederick  (born  1817 — died  1895),  My 
Bondage  and  My  Freedom,,  with  an  Introduction  by 
Dr.  James  Smith  McCune,  1853. 

Easter,  Mrs.  Marguerite  E.,  a  native  of  Virginia 
(born  1839 — died  1894)  passed  her  active  life  in  Balti 
more.  She  possessed  unusual  literary  facility,  pro 
ducing  a  varied  range  of  both  poems  and  stories. 
Among  these  a  volume,  entitled  Clytie  and  Other 
Poems,  1891,  dedicated  to  Dr.  William  Hand  Browne, 
is  worthy  of  especial  recognition. 

Emory,  Fisher  (born  1853 — died  1909),  a  native 
of  Maryland,  is  the  author  of  a  novel  entitled  A  Mary 
land  Manor,  a  review  of  which  in  the  literary  columns 
of  the  "Baltimore  Sun"  elicited  a  vigorous  reply  in  the 
same  paper  from  Mr.  Emory. 


AUTHORS  OU  MARYLAND  213 

Evans,  Henry  Ridgeley  (born  1861),  a  Baltimor- 
ean,  abandoned  the  study  of  the  law  for  the  pursuit  of 
journalism.  He  is  an  assiduous  student  of  folklore, 
psychic  phenomena  and  the  history  of  Masonry  and 
has  produced  The  House  of  the  Sphinx;  Magic  and  Its 
Professors;  The  Napoleon  Myth;  The  Old  and  New 
Magic;  The  Spirit  World  Unmasked.  He  has  con 
tributed  liberally  to  periodical  literature  and  compiled 
the  genealogical  record  of  the  Ridgeley  family. 

Farrar,  Herbert,  has  written  The  Moon  Hunters; 
The  Girl  in  the  Mantilla;  The  Matron  and  the  Maid. 

Farquhar,  William  Henry,  Annals  of  Sandy 
Spring,  or  Twenty  Years  History  of  a  Rural  Com 
munity  in  Maryland,  1884. 

Fulton,  Charles  C.,  Europe  Viewed  Through 
American  Spectacles;  Letters  to  the  Baltimore  Amer 
ican,  1874. 

Gambrill,  John  Montgomery,  of  Baltimore,  has 
devoted  himself  to  the  special  study  of  the  history  of 
Maryland.  He  has  published  Leading  Events  of 
Maryland  History,  a  work  displaying  faithful  and 
laborious  research  and  has  also  edited  "Select  Tales 
and  Poems  of  Edgar  A.  Poe."  Mr.  Grambrill  is  by 
profession  a  teacher,  being  associated  with  the  Poly 
technic  Institute  of  Baltimore. 

Goldsborough,  William  W.,  a  Marylander,  is  the 
author  of  Maryland  Line  in  the  Confederate  Stated 


214  AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND 

Army,  1869;  second  edition,  1900;  a  work  of  value  and 
interest  to  the  student  of  the  history  of  the  War  be 
tween  the  States. 

Gray,  Amy,  The  Lily  of  the  Valley,  or  Margie  and 
I  and  Other  Poems,  1868. 

Griffith,  Thomas  W.,  Annals  of  Baltimore,  1824; 
Sketches  of  the  Early  History  of  Maryland,  1821. 

Guttmacher,  Rev.  Adolph,  Ph.D.,  A  History  of 
the  Baltimore  Hebrew  Congregation  1850-1905,  1905. 

Hammond,  Miss  M.  J.,  of  Baltimore,  has  been 
a  varied  contributor  in  poetry  to  leading  periodicals 
such  as  "St.  Nicholas."  Some  of  her  verse,  espe 
cially  such  as  deals  with  humorous  topics,  has  unusual 
merit  and  appeals  to  the  youthful  intelligence  with 
especial  force. 

Hammond,  William  A.  (born  1828 — died  1900), 
Sal,  a  novel,  1884. 

Harrison,  Rev.  Hall  (born  1837 — died  1900),  a 
native  Marylander,  made  several  contributions  of  value 
to  local  history  and  biography.  He  was  the  author  of 
a  Memoir  of  Hugh  Davy  Evans,  the  eminent  jurist 
and  publicist;  Life  of  Right  Reverend  John  Bishop 
Kerfoot;  Life  of  William  Pinkney,  Fifth  Bishop  of 
Maryland. 


AUTHORS  OF  MARYLAND  215 

Harrison,  Samuel  Alexander,  Wenlock  Christian 
and  the  Early  Friends  in  Talbot  County,  Maryland, 
1874. 

Hewitt,  John  H.,  Shadows  on  the  Wall,  or  Glimp 
ses  of  the  Past. 

Higgins,  Edward  (born  1841),  a  native  of  Mary 
land,  is  the  author  of  Addresses  Delivered  at  the  Cele 
bration  of  the  Battle  of  North  Point  by  the  Associ 
ation  of  Defenders  of  Baltimore;  Compilation  of 
Maryland  Laws  of  Interest  to  Women;  The  National 
Anthem — The  Star  Spangled  Banner — and  Patriotic 
Lines;  Maryland  for  Prohibition;  Maryland  Laws 
Regulating  Intoxicating  Liquors. 

Hopkins,  H.  H.,  M.D.  Popular  Superstitions  of 
Maryland  by  a  Country  Doctor. 

Hughes,  Thomas,  of  the  bar  of  Baltimore,  pub 
lished  Ethics  of  the  Practice  of  Law  (1909),  a  work 
of  especial  value,  rich  in  suggestion  and  instruction 
to  the  legal  profession  and  to  the  student  of  jurispru 
dence. 

Hull,  William  Isaac,  a  Baltimorean  and  profes 
sor  in  Swarthmore  College,  Pennsylvania,  has  written 
A  History  of  Higher  Education  in  Pennsylvania  and 
Maryland;  Independence  and  the  Confederation. 

Hungerford,  James,  The  Old  Plantation  and  What 
I  Gathered  There  in  a  Month,  1859. 


216  'AUTHORS  OS  MARYLAND 

Hopkins,  Luther  W.,  a  native  of  Virginia,  has 
written  From  Bull  Run  to  Appomatox,  A  Boy's  View, 
1909,  a  pleasing,  animated,  impartial  narrative  of 
strange  scenes  and  thrilling  incidents  in  the  Con 
federate  service.  This  book  has  been  cordially  ap 
proved  by  Union  veterans,  and  recommended  for  use 
in  Northern  and  Western  schools. 

Howard,  Frank  Key,  of  Baltimore,  gave  another 
side  of  the  dramatic  era  of  1861-65  in  his  book,  Four 
teen  Months  in  American  Bastiles. 

Hurst,  Right  Rev.  John  Fletcher  (born  1834 — 
died  1902),  a  native  of  Maryland  and  a  distinguished 
Bishop  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  was  a 
literary  worker  in  a  diversity  of  fields.  Among  his 
varied  contributions  are  Bibliotheca  Theologica; 
Church  Union  Movements;  Hannah;  Religious  De 
velopment;  Our  Theological  Century;  Theological 
Encyclopedia;  Life  and  Literature  in  the  Fatherland; 
John  Wesley,  the  Methodist;  Martyrs  to  the  Tract 
Cause;  India;  The  Country  and  People  of  India  and 
Ceylon;  History  of  Rationalism;  History  of  the  Chris 
tian  Church;  also  translations  from  the  German. 

Hutton,  Rev.  O.,  D.D.,  William  Pinkney,  D.D., 
LL.D.,  Fifth  Bishop  of  Maryland,  1890. 

Johnson,  Rev.  Benjamin,  The  Angel  of  Light;  Art 
Poems;  Easter  Morning. 

Kennedy,  Thomas,   Poems,  1816. 


AUTHORS  OS  MARYLAND  217 

Kenly,  John,  Memoirs  of  a  Maryland  Volunteer  in 
the  War  with  Mexico  in  the  Years  1846-47-48,  1873. 

Keener,  Right  Rev.  John  Christian  (born  1819), 
an  eminent  Bishop  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church, 
is  a  native  Marylander.  He  has  been  an  assiduous 
student  of  natural  history  and  geology,  especially  in 
their  relation  to  the  interpretation  of  the  Book  of 
Genesis.  He  is  the  author  of  Studies  of  Bible  Truths; 
The  Garden  of  Eden  and  The  Flovd;  The  Post  Oak 
Circuit. 

Latrobe,  Benjamin  Henry,  The  Journal  of  Benja 
min  Henry  Latrobe,  being  the  Notes  and  Sketches  of 
an  Architect,  Naturalist  and  Traveler  in  the  United 
States,  from  17 96  to  1820,  by  B.  H.  Latrobe,  Archi 
tect  of  the  Capitol  at  Washington,  with  an  Introduc 
tion  by  John  H.  B.  Latrobe,  1905. 

Mason,  John  Thomson,  Life  of  John  Van  Lear 
McMahon,  Completed,  Revised  and  Edited  by  His  Son, 
John  Thomson  Mason,  1880. 

Mackenzie,  George  Norbury  (born  1851),  of  Bal 
timore,  a  lawyer  by  profession,  is  the  author  of 
Colonial  Families  of  the  United  States  of  America^ 
and  is  editor  and  compiler  of  The  Yearbook  of  the' 
Maryland  Society  of  the  Sons  of  the  American  Revo 
lution.  The  interest  and  value  of  these  works  appeal 
to  every  student  of  history  in  its  broadest  as  well  as 
its  local  significance. 


218  AUTHORS  OE  MARYLAND 

McLeod,  Mrs.  Georgianna  A.  Hulse,  of  Baltimore, 
teacher  and  author,  has  written  Sun  Beams  and 
Shadows;  Ivy  Leaves  from  the  Old  Homestead; 
Bright  Memories;  Hoiv  Jessie  Came  Out  of  the 
Shadow;  Theirs  and  Mine;  Sea  Drifts. 

Middleton,  Mrs.  Cornelia  Scribner,  of  Baltimore, 
issued  in  January,  1910,  four  volumes  of  stories  for 
children:  Happy  Child  Town;  Polly  for  Short;  The 
One  Little  Girl;  The  Flower  Family.  Each  of  them 
is  commended  in  strong  terms  by  capable  and  discrimi 
nating  reviewers. 

McConkey,  Rebecca,  The  Hero  of  Cowpens,  Daniel 
Morgan,  a  Centennial  Sketch,  1881. 

McMaster,  John  Stevenson,  a  native  of  Maryland 
and  a  resident  of  New  York,  has  contributed  to  the 
"Side  Lights  of  Maryland  History"  the  following 
special  studies  of  historic  and  practical  value :  Make- 
mieland,  a  Eulogy  of  the  Eastern  Shore;  The  Land 
of  the  Evergreens,  a  Suggestion  for  Arbor  Day  and 
an  Appeal  to  the  Citizens  of  the  Maryland,  Delaware 
and  Virginia  Peninsula;  Purpose  of  "Old  Home 
Prize!' 

Mudd,  Miss  Nettie,  a  Marylander,  has  written 
The  Life  of  Dr.  Samuel  A.  Mudd,  Containing  His 
Letters  from  Fort  Jefferson  where  he  ivas  Imprisoned 
lFour  Years  for  Alleged  Complicity  in  the  Assassina- 


AUTHORS  O/7  MARYLAND  219 

tion  of  Abraham  Lincoln,  with  Statements  of  Mrs. 
Samuel  A.  Mudd,  Dr.  Samuel  A.  Mudd  and  Edward 
Spangler,  regarding  the  Assassination  and  the  Argu 
ment  of  General  Ewing  on  the  Law  and  Facts  of  the 
Case,  also  the  Diary  of  John  Wilkes  Booth;  edited  by 
his  daughter,  Nettie  Mudd;  with  preface  by  D.  El- 
dridge  Monroe,  of  the  Baltimore  Bar,  1907.  A  strik 
ing  and  vigorous  narrative  relating  to  one  of  the  most 
dramatic  incidents  in  American  History. 

Murray,  Elizabeth  Hesselius,  One  Hundred  Years 
Ago,  of  the  Life  and  Times  of  the  Rev.  Walter  Dulany 
Addison,  1739-1848. 

Nixdorff,  Henry  Morris,  Life  of  Whittier's  Hero 
ine,  Barbara  Fritchie,  Including  a  Brief  but  Compre 
hensive  Sketch  of  Old  Frederick,  1902. 

Norris,  John  S.,  The  Early  Friends  or  Quakers  in 
Maryland,  1862. 

Palmer,  Mrs.  Henrietta  Lee,  wife  of  Dr.  John  W. 
Palmer,  was  also  gifted  with  the  accomplishment  of 
verse  and  in  addition  was  an  active  contributor  to 
periodical  literature.  The  Stratford  Gallery;  Home 
Life  in  the  Bible;  The  Shakespearean  Sisterhood; 
Four  Years  in  the  Old  World;  are  worthy  of  especial 
recognition  as  illustrations  of  her  work  in  this  field. 

Palmer,  John  Croxall,  brother  of  Dr.  John  W. 
Palmer,  also  ventured  into  the  walks  of  the  Muses. 


220  AUTHORS  O'E  MARYLAND 

He  was  the  author  of  Thulia,  a  Tale  of  the  Antarctic; 
Antarctic  Mariners  Song. 

Passano,  Leonard  Magruder,  a  native  of  Mary 
land,  is  a  special  student  of  State  history.  He  has 
written  A  History  of  Maryland;  Maryland:  Stories 
of  Her  People  and  of  Her  History;  works  excellent  in 
design  as  well  as  attractivve  and  instructive  in  charac 
ter. 

Ferine,  George  C.,  a  Marylander,  is  the  author  of 
Poets  and  Verse  Writers  of  Maryland,  a  book  con 
taining  a  variety  of  useful  information  in  regard  to  its 
subj  ect. 

Purviance,  Robert,  Narrative  of  Events  which  Oc 
curred  in  Baltimore  During  the  Revolutionary  Warf 
1849. 

Quinan,  John  R.,  M.D.,  Medical  Annals  of  Balti 
more  from  1608  to  1880,  Including  Events,  Men  and 
Literature,  to  wJnch  is  added  an  Index  and  Record  of 
Public  Services,  1884. 

Rede,  Rev.  Wyllys,  D.D.,  a  clergyman  of  the 
Protestant  Episcopal  Church,  has  published  two  works, 
Striving  for  the  Mastery  and  The  Communion  of  the 
Saints,  with  a  Preface  by  Lord  Halifax,  1909.  Each 
of  these  books  has  received  cordial  commendation 
from  leading  representative  journals  of  the  Anglican 
communion  as  well  as  from  the  foremost  organs  of 
the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  in  the  United  States. 


'AUTHORS  OF[  MARYLAND  221 

Riley,  Elihu  S.  (born  in  Annapolis,  1845),  *s  a 
lawyer,  journalist  and  historian.  He  has  produced,  in 
conjunction  with  the  late  Judge  Sams,  a  History  of  the 
Bench  and  Bar  of  Maryland.  He  has  also  published 
a  History  of  the  Maryland  Assembly;  Annapolis,  Ye 
Ancient  Capital  of  Maryland,  and  edited  the  "Me 
morial  Volume  of  the  Celebration  of  the  Two  Hun 
dredth  Anniversary  of  the  Removal  of  the  Capital  of 
Maryland  from  St.  Mary's  to  Annapolis."  Mr.  Riley 
is  an  acknowledged  authority  upon  the  history  of 
Annapolis,  a  laborious  researcher  and  devoted  student. 

Russell,  Charles  Well,   Roebuck,  'A  Novel,  1868. 

Ryan,  Rev.  John  S.,  S.J.,  associated  with  St. 
Ignatius  Church,  Baltimore,  is  an  active  contributor 
to  Catholic  reviews  and  a  man  of  rare  acquirements, 
especially  in  American  history.  He  is  the  author  of 
Chronicle  and  Sketch  of  St.  Ignatius  of  Loyola,  Balti 
more,  1856-1896,  with  an  Account  of  the  Celebration 
of  the  Jubilee,  April,  /po/. 

Saffell,  William  Thomas  (born  1820— died  1891). 
a  native  of  Maryland,  was  a  special  student  of  the  his 
tory  of  the  State.  He  was  the  author  of  Records  of 
the  Revolutionary  War;  Hail  Columbia;  The  Flag 
and  Yankee  Doodle  Dandy;  Dulany's  History  of 
Maryland.  He  also  edited  "The  Bonaparte-Patterson 
Marriage." 


222  AUTHORS  OF.  MARYLAND 

Schultz,  Edward  T.,  32°,  is  the  author  of  Free 
Masonry  in  Maryland,  From  the  Earliest  Time  to  the 
Present,  1884.  It  is  a  work  of  historical  value  and  in 
terest,  a  recognized  authority  upon  the  important  sub 
ject  to  which  it  is  devoted. 

Speer,  Mrs.  J.  L.  Dawson,  a  native  of  Maryland, 
and  at  one  time  a  resident  of  Pittsburg,  Pa.,  is  the 
author  of  a  volume,  entitled  A  Consecutive  Story  of 
the  Life  of  Christ,  Compiled  from*  the  Four  Gospels, 
by  Margaret  Taylor  Speer.  The  work  is  the  outcome 
of  continuous  and  critical  study  on  the  part  of  the 
writer. 

Steiner,  Dr.  Lewis  Henry  (born  1827 — died  1892), 
was  a  native  of  Frederick  County,  Md.,  by  profession 
a  physician  and  librarian.  He  was  a  contributor  to 
literature  in  more  than  one  field.  Among  his  works 
may  be  named:  Synopsis  of  Genera;  The  Human 
Body  and  Disease  Considered  from  the  Christian. 
Standpoint;  Physical  Science,  Its  Present,  Past  and 
Future;  Hymns  for  the  Reformed  Church  in  the 
United  States;  Diary  Kept  During  the  Rebel  Occupa 
tion  of  Frederick;  An  Account  of  South  Carolina- 
During  the  Campaign  in  Maryland.  He  was  the  first 
librarian  of  the  Pratt  Library  from  1884  to  1892. 

Stockbridge,  Henry,  The  'Archives  of  Maryland, 
as  Illustrating  the  Spirit  of  the  Early  Colonists,  1886. 


AUTHORS  OR  MARYLAND  223 

Thomas,  James  Walter,  a  member  of  the  bar  of 
Cumberland,  has  written  Chronicles  of  Colonial  Mary 
land,  a  work  held  in  high  regard  by  those  who  are 
most  capable  of  estimating  its  merits. 

Thomson,  Mrs.  L.  Norton,  a  Baltimorean,  is  the 
author  of  Looking  Through  the  Mists  and  Not  To- 
Have  and  To  Hold,  the  title  to  the  latter  work  being 
apparently  suggested  by  Miss  Mary  Johnston's  well- 
known  novel  of  Virginia  colonial  life. 

Tiffany,  Osmond,  A  Sketch  of  the  Life  and  Serv 
ices  of  the  late  General  Otho  Holland  Williams,  1851. 

Tyson,  John  E.,  Life  of  Elisha  Tyson,  the  Phil 
anthropist,  by  a  Citizen  of  Baltimore,  1825. 

Turner,  Dr.  John.  The  fascination  of  the  colo 
nial  era  asserts  its  power  in  Dr.  Turner's  A  Lover's 
Confession,  the  inspiration  of  the  story  being  derived 
from  that  rich  and  stimulating  period  of  American 
history. 

Wetmore,  Mrs.  Amy  Darcy,  is  a  frequent  contrib 
utor  to  leading  journals  such*  as  the  "Baltimore  Sun." 
Her  touch  is  light  and  graceful  and  she  is  especially 
happy  in  her  portrayals  of  the  past  which  she  invests 
with  the  form  and  pressure  of  the  living  present. 
Mrs.  Wetmore  is  rich  in  reminiscences  of  the  social 
life  of  the  vanished  days.  To  the  future  historian  of 
Baltimore  her  portrayals  of  their  inner  phases  will 
prove  not  only  attractive  but  in  an  eminent  degree 
suggestive  and  inspiring. 


224  AUTHORS  Oft  MARYLAND 

Whitelocke,  Mrs.  Louise  Clarkson,  of  Baltimore, 
has  written  The  Shadow  of  John  Wallace;  A  Mad 
Madonna;  Short  Stories  of  Art  Life;  Heartease;  Fly 
Away  Fames  and  Baby  Blossoms;  How  Hinnsight 
Met  Provincialitis. 

Williams,  Thomas  Chew,  of  the  editorial  staff  of 
the  "Baltimore  Sun,"  has  written  a  History  of  Wash 
ington  County  from  the  Earliest  Settlements  to  the 
Present  Time,  Including  a  History  of  Hagerstown; 
The  State  of  Maryland,  a  Description  of  its  Lands, 
Products  and  Industries. 

Winans,  Ross,  of  Baltimore,  has  published  One 
Religion,  Many  Creeds,  1870;  Ventilation  of  Dwell 
ings,  1871. 

Winans,  Walter,  of  the  Winans  family  of  Balti 
more,  has  written  The  Sporting  Rifle;  Practical  Rifle 
Shooting;  Hints  on  Revolver  Shooting. 

Wright,  Capt.  Charles  W.,  a  native  of  Mar3'land, 
has  published  The  Wright  Ancestry  of  Caroline,  Dor 
chester,  Somerset  and  Wicomico  Counties,  Maryland. 
The  thoroughness,  accuracy  and  intelligent  classifi 
cation  of  the  work  are  emphatically  commended  by 
capable  critics  in  the  field  of  Maryland  genealogy 
and  it  is  regarded  as  one  of  the  most  valuable  con 
tributions  made  within  recent  years  to  a  knowledge  of 
local  history. 


INDEX. 

PAGE 

ADAMS,  HERBERT  BAXTER 141 

ALLAN,   WILLIAM 91 

ALLEN,   BRASSEYA  JOHNSON 207 

ALLEN,   EDWARD  M 207 

ALLEN,    ETHAN 57 

ALLEN,  PAUL 207 

ALLISON,    PATRICK 207 

ALSOP,  GEORGE 23 

AMMEN,  S.  Z 171 

ANDREWS,  MATTHEW  PAGE 190 

ARCHER,  GEORGE  W 207 

ARMSTRONG,    PAUL 207 

ARTHUR,  T.  S 207 

ATWATER,  EMILY  PARET 136 

AZARIAS,   BROTHER 93 

BABCOCK,  MALTBIE  D 207 

BALL,  WAYLAND  DALYRYMPLE 208 

BALLAGH,  JAMES  CURTIS 182 

BANNEKER,    BENJAMIN 208 

BARCLAY,   McKEE 195 

BARRETT,  FLORENCE  SELEY 208 

BARRETT,  WILLIAM  L.  K 180 

BARRY,   ROBERT    208 

BARTLETT,  DAVID  L 208 

BAXLEY,  CLAUDE  209 

BAXLEY,  H.  WILLIS 208 

BEAM,  ELLA   120 

BEAR,  JOHN  W 209 

BENNETT,    SARAH    EDGAR 209 

BINION,  SAMUEL  AUGUSTUS 209 

BIRCKHEAD,  LENNOX   209 

BLAXCHARD,   AMY   ELLA 131 


228  INDEX— Continued 

PAGE 

BLOOMFIELD,  MAURICE  180 

BOND,  ALLEN  KERR 171 

BOND,  THOMAS  EMERSON,  SR 51 

BOND,  THOMAS  EMERSON,  JR 52 

BOULDEN,  JAMES  E.  P 209 

BOYD,  LAWRENCE  McK 151 

BOYLE,  ESMERALDA  209 

BOZMAN,  JOHN  LEEDS 29 

BRACKENRIDGE,  HENRY  M 209 

BRADY,  F.  X 184 

BRANTLY,  WILLIAM   THEOPHILUS 171 

BRAY,  THOMAS   23 

BRENT,  JOHN  CARROLL 210 

BREWER,  J.  M 210 

BRIGHT,  JAMES  W 153 

BROOKS,   NATHAN   C 210 

BROWN,  GEORGE  WILLIAM 92 

BROWN,  J.  J 210 

BROWN,  SEBASTIAN  210 

BROWNE,  WILLIAM  HAND 153 

BROWNING,  MESHACK   210 

BUCHHOLZJ  HEINRICH  EWALD 183 

BUMP,  CHARLES  WEATHERS 210 

BURNAP,  GEORGE   211 

BURROUGHS,  W.  DWIGHT 191 

CALVERT,  GEORGE  HENRY 211 

CAREY,  GEORGE  L 211 

CAREY,  JOHN  L 211 

CARROLL,  ANNA  ELLA 115 

CARROLL,  JOHN    50 

CHANCELLOR,  CHARLES  W 211 

CHANDLER,  SOPHIA  120 

CHASE,  ELIZA    211 

CHEW,  SAMUEL  C 166 

CLARK,  THOMAS  O 181 

CLOUD,  VIRGINIA  WOODWARD 125 


INDEX — Continued  229 

PAGE 

COLTON,  GEORGE 211 

COOK,  EBENEZER 212 

COPPINGER,   MAY   IRENE 136 

CORDELL,  EUGENE  FAUNTLEROY 161 

CRANE,  J.  LEO 170 

CRANE-SEEMULLER,  ANNE  MONCURE 72-74 

CULBRETH,  DAVID  MARVEL 177 

DAVIS,  GEORGE  LACKLAND 51 

DAVIS,  HENRY   WINTER 51 

DEVECMON,  W.  C 157 

DIDIER,  CHARLES  PEALE 140 

DIDIER,  EUGENE  LEMOINE 159 

DIDIER,  FRANKLIN    51 

DONALDSON,  FRANK  212 

DONALDSON,  SAMUEL  J 59 

DORSEY,  ANNA  H 212 

DORSEY,  MARIAN   V 124 

DOUGLASS,    FREDERICK    212 

DUVALL,  ELLA  126 

EASTER,  ARTHUR  MILLER 199 

EASTER,  MARGUERITE  E 212 

EMORY,  FISHER  212 

EVANS,  HENRY  RIDGELEY  213 

EVANS,  HUGH  DAVY 53 

FARQUHAR,  WILLIAM  HENRY 213 

FARRAR,  HERBERT  213 

FISHER,  CHARLES  A 189 

FLUEGEL,  MAURICE  168 

FORBES,  GEORGE  191 

FRANKLIN,  FABIAN 176 

FRIESE,  PHILIP  C 98 

FULLER,  RICHARD 55 

FULTON,  CHARLES  C 213 

GAMBRALL,  THEODORE  CHARLES 140 

GAMBRILL,  JOHN  MONTGOMERY 213 

GARNETT,  JAMES  MERCER 165 


230  INDEX— Continued 

PAGE 

GIBBONS,  JAMES,  CARDINAL 156 

GlLDERSLEEVEJ  BASIL  LANNEAU 154 

OILMAN,  DANIEL  COIT 148 

GOLDSBOROUGH,  WlLLIAM  W 213 

GOLDSMITH,  H.  C 123 

GONTRUM,  JOHN  F 147 

GRAY,  AMY 214 

GRIFFITH,  THOMAS  W 214 

GUTTMACHER,  ADOLPH  214 

HALL,  CLAYTON  COLMAN 185 

HAMILTON,  ALEXANDER  23 

HAMMOND,  JOHN   22 

HAMMOND  (Miss),  M.  J 214 

HAMMOND,   WILLIAM    A 214 

HANSON,  GEORGE  A 59 

HARRISON,  HALL  214 

HARRISON,  SAMUEL  ALEXANDER 215 

HAUGHTON,   LOUISE   OSBORNE 136 

HAUPT,  PAUL 168 

HENDERSON,  DANIEL  M 144 

HEWITT,   JOHN   H 215 

HIGGINS,  EDWARD  215 

HOFFMAN,  DAVID 50 

HOLLANDER,  JACOB  HARRY 164 

HOPKINS,  H.  H 215 

HOPKINS,  LUTHER  W 216 

HOWARD,  FRANK  KEY  216 

HUCKLE,  OLIVER   178 

HUGHES,  THOMAS 215 

HUGHES,  THOMAS   182 

HULL,  SUSAN  REBECCA  THOMPSON 126 

HULL,  WILLIAM  ISAAC 215 

HUTTON,  O  216 

HUNGERFORD,  JAMES    215 

HURST,  JOHN  FLETCHER 216 

INGLE,  EDWARD  H 169 


INDEX — Continued  231 

PAGE 

JAMES,  BARTLETT  BURLEIGH 172 

JENKINS,  JOHN  WILBER 182 

JOHNSON,  BENJAMIN  216 

JOHNSON,  BRADLEY  TYLER 99 

JOHNSTON,  CHRISTOPHER 174 

JOHNSTON,  GEORGE  59 

JOHNSTON,  RICHARD  MALCOM 98 

JONES,  WILLIAM  J 59 

JOURS,  EMILY 117 

KEENER,  JOHN  CHRISTIAN 217 

KENLY,  JOHN  217 

KENNEDY,  JOHN  PENDLETON 65-68 

KENNEDY,  THOMAS 216 

KENRICK,  FRANCIS   PATRICK 52 

KEY,  FRANCIS  SCOTT 31 

KILGOUR,  JOHN  MORTIMER 191 

KIEFFER,  J.  SPANGLER 190 

KNOTT,  A.  LEO 172 

LAGARDE,  ERNEST   198 

LANIER,  SIDNEY  75-87 

LANTZ,  EMILY  EMERSON 126 

LATIMER,  HENRY  RANDOLPH 186 

LATIMER,  MARY  ELIZABETH  WORMLEY — 116 

LATROBE,  BENJAMIN  HENRY . . . .  217 

LATROBE,  JOHN  H.  B 92 

LEWIS,  ESTELLE  ANNA  BLANCHE 114 

LONG,  CHARLES  CHAILLE 193 

LORD,  ALICE  E 133 

McCLUNG,     LlTTELL      l82 

McCoNKEY,  REBECCA  ; 218 

MCCREARY,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON 169 

McKiM,  RANDOLPH  H 197 

McKlNSEY,  FOLGER 173 

M^LEOD  (MRS.),  GEORGIANNA  A.  HULSE 218 

MCMAHON,  JOHN  VAN  LEAR 30 

MCMASTER,  JOHN   STEVENSON 218 


232  INDEX— Continued 

PAGE 

MCSHERRY,  JAMES  30 

MACKENZIE,  GEORGE  NORBURY 217 

MAHON,  MILO  54 

MALLOY,  LOUISE   132 

MARKLAND,  WRENSHALL 136 

MASON,  EMILY 18 

MASON,  JOHN  THOMSON 217 

MAYER,  BRANTZ 56 

MEEKINS,  LYNN  R 170 

MENCKEN,  HENRY  L 166 

MlDDLETON  (MRS.)  CORNELIA  SCRIBNER 2l8 

MILES,  GEORGE  HENRY 68-72 

MORRIS,  JOHN  GOTTLIEB 96 

MUDD  (Miss),  NETTIE 218 

MULLAN Y,  PATRICK  FRANCIS 93 

MURRAY,  ELIZABETH   HESSELIUS 219 

NIXDORFF,  HENRY  MORRIS 219 

NORRIS,  JOHN  S 219 

O'DONOVAN,  LOUIS  175 

OSLER,  WILLIAM  162 

OTTO,  EDWARD  187 

PALMER  (MRS.),  HENRIETTA  LEE 219 

PALMER,  JOHN  CROXALL 219 

PALMER,  JOHN  WILLIAMSON 100 

PARET,  ADELIA  V 129 

PASSANO,  LEONARD  MAGRUDER 220 

PEGRAM,  WILLIAM  MEADE 187 

FERINE,  GEORGE  C 220 

PHELPS,  ALMIRA  HART  103 

PHELPS,  CHARLES  EDWARD 145 

PINKNEY,  EDWARD  COOTE  28 

PINKNEY,  WILLIAM  58 

PISE,  CHARLES  CONSTANTINE 28 

POE,  EDGAR  ALLAN 37-45 

PURVIANCE,  ROBERT   220 

QUINAN,  JOHN  R 220 

RANDALL,  JAMES  RYDER 101-109 


INDEX— Continued  233 

PAGE 

REDE,  WYLLYS  220 

REESE,  LIZZETTE  WOODWORTH  1 18 

REESE,  PERCY  M 136 

REICHE,  FANNIE  K 136 

RICE,  SARAH  SIGOURNEY  120 

RICHARDSON,   HESTER   DORSEY 127 

RIDGELEY,  HELEN  WEST 125 

RILEY,  ELIHU  S 221 

ROSENAU,  WILLIAM  184 

RUSSELL,  CHARLES  WELL 221 

RUSSELL,  W.  T 164 

RYAN,  JOHN  S 221 

SAFFELL,  WILLIAM  THOMAS 221 

SCHARF,  JOHN   THOMAS 97 

SCHLEY,  WlNFIELD  SCOTT 185 

SCHNAUFFER,  LlLLIE  IQ^ 

SCHULTZ,  EDWARD  T 222 

SEEMULLER,  ANNE  MONCURE  CRANE 72-74 

SELENE  128 

SEMMES,  RAPHAEL  57 

SHAFER,  CARLTON  H 132 

SHEPHERD,  HENRY  ELLIOTT 201 

SIOUSSAT,  ANNIE  MIDDLETON  LEAKIN 129 

SIOUSSAT,  GEORGE  LEAKIN  185 

SMITH,  FRANCIS  HOPKINSON 192 

SMITH,  JOSEPH  T 144 

SMITH,  TUNSTALL 195 

SFAULDING,   MARTIN  JOHN 55 

SPEER  (MRS.),  J.  L.  DOWSON 222 

SPENCER,  EDWARD  60 

STABLER,  HARRY  SNOWDEN 167 

STEARNS,  EDWARD  J 54 

STEINER,  BERNARD  C 222 

STEINER,  LEWIS  HENRY 222 

STOCKBRIDGE,  HENRY  222 

STREETER,  SEBASTIAN  F 57 

SZOLD,  BENJAMIN   143 

t 


234  INDEX— Continued 

PAGE 

TABS,  JOHN  BANNISTER 149 

TACK,  GEORGE  E 189 

THOMAS,  JAMES  WALTER 223 

THOMSON  (MRS.),  L.  NORTON 223 

THRUSTON,  LUCY  MEACHAM 122 

TIERMAN,  CHARLES  B 152 

TIERMAN,  MARY  SPEAR  NICOLAS 117 

TIFFANY,  OSMOND  223 

TRAIL,  FLORENCE    134 

TURNBULL,  FRANCES  HUBBARD  LITCKFIELD 133 

TURNER,  JOHN  223 

TYLER,  SAMUEL  74 

TYSON,  JOHN  E 223 

VINCENT,  MARTIN  JOHN 175 

WALL,  MARY  VIRGINIA 133 

WALLIS,  SEVERN  TEACKLE 94 

WARFIELD,  JOSHUA  D 179 

WELBY,  AMELIA  B.  COPPUCK 32 

WETMORE  (MRS.),  AMY  DARCY 223 

WHITE,  ANDREW  20-22 

WHITE,  EDWARD  LUCAS 200 

WHITELOCKE  (MRS.),  LOUISE  CLARKSON 224 

WILHELM,  LEWIS  WEBB 174 

WILL,  ALLEN  SINCLAIR 186 

WILLIAMS,  THOMAS  CHEW 224 

WlLLOUGHBY,  WESTAL  W 174 

WILSON,  J.   McC 118 

WILSON,  JAMES  T 174 

WINANS,  Ross,  OF  BALTIMORE 224 

WINANS,  WALTER 224 

WINCHESTER,  MARSHALL   134 

WOODS,  KATHERINE  PEARSON 121 

WOODS,  WILLIAM  HENRY 184 

WRENSHALL  (MRS.),  JOHN  C 135 

WRIGHT,  CHARLES  W 224 

WRIGHT,  D.  GIRAUD 130 

ZIMMERMAN,  LEANDER  M 176 


UNIVERSITY    OF    CALI1 
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